Diagnosis of Tuberculosis among Children and Adolescents

Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto; March, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo; Aurílio, Rafaela Baroni

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69227

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, there is also evidence of transmission among school pupils who share activities with an index case on a regular basis (20) . Subsequently, in order to obtain a faster and more precise diagnostic, new models are being developed such as those found in Bayesian approaches or new criteria methods (21)(22) .…”

Section: Clinical and Epidemiological Features Of Tuberculosis In Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in children and adolescents

et al. 2019

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Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in an infectious diseases reference hospital. Method: A documental and retrospective study was carried out with 88 medical files in an infectious diseases reference hospital in the state of Ceará. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate approaches. Results: It was found that, depending on the tuberculosis type, its manifestations may vary. The logistic regression model considered only pulmonary tuberculosis due to a number of observations and included female sex (95% CI: 1.4-16.3), weight loss (95% CI: 1.8-26.3), bacilloscopic screening (95% CI: 1.5-16.6) and sputum collected (95% CI: 1.4-19.4) as possible predictors. Conclusions: Children and adolescents present different manifestations of the disease depending on the tuberculosis type that affects them. Knowing the most common features of each condition could enhance early diagnosis and, consequently, result in adequate treatment and care.

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Section: Clinical and Epidemiological Features Of Tuberculosis In Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in children and adolescents

et al. 2019

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“…Puberty has not been defined as a separate age group, and it has been definitely ignored in this classification. There is a need for a better understanding of the epidemiology, prevention, diagnostics, and treatment in this particular age group [ 1 , 2 , 26 ]. Of particular note is that in this age group, tuberculosis develops both as primary and secondary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Adolescents in Bulgaria for a Three-Year Period: 2018–2020

et al. 2022

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Background: Each year, approximately two million adolescents and young adults in the world become infected with tuberculosis (TB). The problem is that the classification of the disease includes children in the age group 0–14 years and young adults aged 15 and over. The present study aims to analyze and compare the epidemiology and clinical presentation of TB in Bulgaria in the different age subgroups of childhood. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken of the newly diagnosed children (n = 80) with TB treated onsite from January 2018 to December 2020 at the Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases (“St. Sofia”). They were distributed into three age groups: aged 8–11 (prepuberty), aged 12–14 (younger adolescents), and aged above 15 (older adolescents). Results: A clear finding of the research indicated that adolescent children develop TB both as primary and secondary infections. In a large number of cases with the children under our care, we found enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes as well as infiltrative changes in the lungs, i.e., we observed transitional forms. There were statistically significant differences between the age group >15 years old and each of the other two younger groups for diagnosis, the severity of intoxication, and BK spreading status. Conclusion: The course of tuberculosis in adolescence has its own specifics and differences between the three age groups in the current study.

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“…There is almost no validated score for the diagnosis of childhood TB. In 2002, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH) recommended the use of a scoring system, based on clinical, radiological, epidemiological criteria and tuberculin skin test results to diagnose pulmonary TB in children and adolescents 6,18 . The score proposed by the MH of Brazil, which is known to confirm the diagnosis of TB in children and teenagers, is one of the most widely validated worldwide and which has consistent sensitivity and specificity 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children using blood and urine specimens

Lima

Pimentel

Santos

et al. 2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Laboratory and clinical features of childhood tuberculosis (TB) are non-specific and establishing an accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. This study evaluated a Single tube nested-PCR (STNPCR) to detect genomic DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in blood and urine. Methods: Biological samples were obtained from children (<15 years old) with clinical suspicion of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB at public hospitals in Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil. Cultures yielded negative results in a majority of childhood TB cases, which are generally paucibacillary. A set of clinical, epidemiological, radiological, and laboratory criteria with evident clinical improvement after anti-TB treatment were frequently used to define childhood TB cases. Results: Ninety children with clinical suspicion were enrolled in this study (44 with TB and 46 without TB). The pulmonary TB group had 20 confirmed cases and 46 negative controls, while the extrapulmonary TB group had 24 confirmed cases. The STNPCR showed sensitivities to pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB of 47.4% and 52.2% (blood) and 38.8% and 20% (urine), respectively. Considering the low performance of STNPCR on separate samples, we decided to perform a combined analysis (parallel sensitivity analysis) of the results from blood and urine samples. The parallel sensitivity increased to 65% in blood and 62.5% in urine. The specificity in both samples ranged from 93.5-97.8%. Conclusions: Although STNPCR showed moderate sensitivity, the specificity is high; therefore, the test can be used as an auxiliary tool to diagnose TB in children. It is a rapid test that demonstrated better performance than other diagnostic tests in paucibacillary samples as it does in childhood tuberculosis.

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Diagnosis of Tuberculosis among Children and Adolescents

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in children and adolescents

Clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in children and adolescents

Tuberculosis in Adolescents in Bulgaria for a Three-Year Period: 2018–2020

Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children using blood and urine specimens

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