Diagnosis of Trichomonous vaginalis by microscopy, latex agglutination, diamond’s media, and PCR in symptomatic women, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

BackgroundTrichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted disease. However, limited data are available on an effective technique for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of wet mount microscopy, latex agglutination, Diamond’s media, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of T. vaginalis among symptomatic women who attended the gynecological clinic at Khartoum, Sudan.ResultsOf the 297 women studied, 252 (84.8%) were positive for T. vaginalis by wet mount microscopy, 257 (86.5%) by latex agglutination, 253 (85.2%) by Diamond’s media, and 253 (85.2%) by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of wet mount microscopy were 99.2% and 97.7%, respectively, compared with PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of latex agglutination and Diamond’s media were 99.6% and 88.6%, and 100.0% and 86.4%, respectively, compared with PCR.ConclusionsIn this study, wet mount microscopy, latex agglutination, and Diamond’s media were found to be highly sensitive and specific. However, the availability and cost effectiveness might limit the use of Diamond’s media and PCR in routine practice.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7859723851211496.

Association of Genital Infections Other Than Human Papillomavirus with Pre-Invasive and Invasive Cervical Neoplasia

“…A metaanalysis including 24 studies had been performed by Zhang and Begg and it was concluded that a significant association existed [30]. Isolation rates of Trichomonas vaginalis is influenced strongly by socio-demographic parameters of the study groups like residence, religion, age, sex; population recruited that is STD clinic attendees or women undergoing routine screening in community, clinical presentation defined by presence or absence of symptoms and laboratory methodology used [53,54].…”

Prevalence of Trichomoniasis in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Population in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

“…As known before, trichomoniasis prevalence in pregnant women is influenced by demographic characteristics, 22 the participants' sexual behavior, 23 and the diagnostic method used. 13 In this study, almost all participants were low risk pregnant women to have trichomoniasis based on demographic characteristics and sexual behaviour. However, the study participant with a positive test result of Trichomonas rapid test was a woman with trichomoniasis risks: in active sexual age (24 years old), had low level of education (junior high school graduated), had early coitarche (at 18 years old), and had multiple sexual partners throughout her life (three partners).…”

“…23 In addition, the diagnostic method used may also affect the prevalence of trichomoniasis. 13 Some of the demographic factors significantly associated with trichomoniasis occurrence in pregnant women include active sexual age, 22,24 low levels of education, 22 as well as occupation as a prostitute. 16 High rates of trichomoniasis in the active sexual population are associated with higher sexual activity, lack awareness of STIs, as well as changes in vaginal microbiota (especially during menstrual periods).…”

“…1,9,10 Trichomoniasis may also increase the risk of other STIs and HIV transmission. 4,6,7,[11][12][13] Based on prevalence studies which are conducted in 2005 from commercial sex workers population in ten cities/districts of Indonesia, namely Medan, Tanjung Pinang, Palembang, West Jakarta, Semarang, Banyuwangi, Surabaya, Bitung, Jayapura, and Bandung, the prevalence of trichomoniasis were between 3-33%, with the prevalence of commercial sex workers in Bandung was 18%. 9 There has been no report of trichomoniasis prevalence in pregnant women in Indonesia.…”

Update on Laboratory Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis: You Can Teach an “Old” Dog “New” Trichs

“…One advantage inherent to T. vaginalis culture is cultivation of viable organisms for nitroimidazole susceptibility testing,11 particularly in patients who experience treatment failure.The performance of a second non-molecular adjunct to microscopy, T. vaginalis antigen detection, is also dependent on geographic prevalence. In the cohort with approximately 85% T. vaginalis prevalence, 99.6% sensitivity of the Kalon TV latex agglutination test (Kalon Biological, Surrey, UK) was reported compared to PCR 3. Abu-Sarkodie et al47 documented a kappa index of 0.93 for result agreement between this latex agglutination assay and InPouch TV; molecular diagnostics were not incorporated into the study.…”