Diagnosis of Transient/Latent HPV Infections - A Point of View!

Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos; Andrade, Gabriel Mayoral; Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos; Canseco, Socorro Pina; Cruz, Raymundo; Hernández-Huerta, María Teresa; Rodriguez, Adriana M.; Cabrera-Fuentes, Héctor A.

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.10.004

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although HPV DNA testing is more sensitive and reproducible than the Pap smear, its specificity is relatively lower, resulting in unnecessary referrals for colposcopy and heightened patients' anxiety [7,8]. This lower specificity is largely due to the transient nature of most HPV infections and the fact that only a minority of these infections will progress to invasive disease [9,10]. Additionally, HPV DNA testing cannot distinguish between different stages of CIN [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAX1 and SOX1 Gene Methylation as a Detection and Triage Method for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnosis

Gao,

Zi,

Liang

et al. 2024

Acta Cytologica

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Introduction: Methylation assays have demonstrated potential as dependable and high-precision approaches for identifying or triaging individuals with cervical cancer (CA) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Our investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of diagnosis and triage of the PAX1/SOX1 methylation panel in detecting CIN or CA. Methods: A total of 461 patients with abnormal high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) or cytology test results were recruited for this study. Each patient underwent an assortment of assessments comprising cytology test, hrHPV test, colposcopy examination, and PAX1 and SOX1 methylation test. Results: The extent of methylation of both genes demonstrates a positive correlation with the severity of CIN lesions and CA. To determine the correlation for patients with CIN2 or worse (CIN2+), the area under curve (AUC) was 0.821 (95%CI 0.782-0.853) for PAX1 and 0.800 (95%CI 0.766-0.838) for SOX1, while for CIN3 or worse (CIN3+),0.881 (95%CI 0.839-0.908) for PAX1 and 0.867 (95% 0.830-0.901) for SOX1. The PAX1/SOX1 methylation marker panel performed sensitivity and specificity of 77.16% and 91.67% for CIN2+, 84.76% and 90.50% for CIN3+, respectively. Regarding triaging hrHPV+ patients, the PAX1/SOX1 methylation test only referred 11.83% of the patients who are unnecessary for coloscopy examination, which is comparatively lower than cytology， thereby signifying a promising triage strategy for hr-HPV positive women. Furthermore, we observed that the positive PAX1/SOX1 methylation test result for untreated CIN1 or less patients would result in a higher likelihood of progression upon a 24-month follow-up visit. Conclusion: The present investigation demonstrates that the PAX1/SOX1 methylation marker panel exhibits a favorable diagnostic performance in CIN detection and holds the potential to be employed for individual CIN tests or hrHPV-positive triage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAX1 and SOX1 Gene Methylation as a Detection and Triage Method for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnosis

Gao,

Zi,

Liang

et al. 2024

Acta Cytologica

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“…The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that affects the different parts of the body. Genital HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, involving 75% to 80% of men and women of all ages ( 1 ). The HPV virus can stay in the skin and develop a genital wart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines: History, Types, Protection, and Efficacy

et al. 2022

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent worldwide. Early prevention with HPV vaccination is a safe and effective method against this disease. HPV vaccines provided more protection against several oncogenic HPV strains. Three prophylactic HPV vaccines have been approved to target high-risk HPV types and protect against HPV-related disorders. These existing vaccines are based on the recombinant DNA technology and purified L1 protein that is assembled to form HPV empty shells. The prophylactic vaccines are highly immunogenic and can induce production of specific neutralizing antibodies. However, therapeutic vaccines are different from these prophylactic vaccines. They induced cell-mediated immunity against transformed cells, instead of neutralizing antibodies. The second generation of prophylactic HPV vaccines, made from alternative viral components using cost-effective production strategies, is undergoing clinical evaluation. The purpose of this review is to provide a complete and up-to-date review of the types of HPV vaccines and the efficiency of each of them for readers.

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“… 2 Genital HPV infection is widespread, affecting 75% to 80% of people worldwide, irrespective of age or gender, making it the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. 3 …”

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confidence: 99%

Advancements in mRNA Vaccines: A Promising Approach for Combating Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancers

Iqbal,

Jehan,

Azam

2024

Cancer Control

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The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a typical sexually transmitted disease that affects different epithelial cells and can cause a number of health problems. HPV is mainly spread through sexual contact and is extremely contagious, even in the absence of obvious symptoms. It is linked to a number of malignancies, such as oropharyngeal, cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, and cutaneous as well as anogenital and cutaneous warts. Different vaccines targeting various HPV virus strains have been produced to prevent HPV infections. Vaccines can help prevent HPV-related illnesses, but they cannot cure malignancies that have already been caused by HPV. But new developments in mRNA vaccines have shown potential in combating malignancies linked to HPV. mRNA vaccines stimulate the immune system to identify and attack particular proteins present in viruses or tumour cells. The efficacy of mRNA vaccines in preventing HPV-related malignancies has been shown in preliminary experiments in mice. Additionally, in clinical trials aimed at individuals with HPV-related head and neck malignancies, personalised mRNA vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint drugs have demonstrated encouraging results. Even though mRNA vaccines have drawbacks and restrictions such as immunogenicity and instability, further research and development in this area has a great deal of promise for developing effective therapies for HPV-related malignancies.

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Diagnosis of Transient/Latent HPV Infections - A Point of View!

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

PAX1 and SOX1 Gene Methylation as a Detection and Triage Method for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnosis

PAX1 and SOX1 Gene Methylation as a Detection and Triage Method for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnosis

An Update on Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines: History, Types, Protection, and Efficacy

Advancements in mRNA Vaccines: A Promising Approach for Combating Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancers

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