Diagnosis of the hydrology of a small Arctic basin at the tundra-taiga transition using a physically based hydrological model

Krogh, Sebastian A.; Pomeroy, John W.; Marsh, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.042

Cited by 65 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, Krogh et al (2017) showed that the corrected mean annual precipitation between 1980 and 2009 at Inuvik, based on the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset (AHCCD; Mekis and Vincent, 2011) and additional local weather stations, is 327 mm. Differences between precipitation estimates published by ECCC and Krogh et al (2017) are due to Krogh's use of the AHCCD dataset with its corrections of snowfall wind undercatch and trace events. Such large adjustments to corrected precipitation are not uncommon at high latitudes in Canada and can influence trend detection (Pomeroy and Goodison, 1997).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such large adjustments to corrected precipitation are not uncommon at high latitudes in Canada and can influence trend detection (Pomeroy and Goodison, 1997). Using corrected data, 59 % of the mean annual precipitation is snowfall; however, peak monthly precipitation occurs as rainfall in August (∼ 45 mm; Krogh et al, 2017). Snow accumulation typically starts in mid-September, with peak accumulation at the end of April or beginning of May, and snowmelt lasts until early to mid-June (Krogh et al, 2017).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies acknowledged the need for robust hydrological models suitable for cold regions to simulate Arctic hydrology (Quinton and Carey, 2008;Woo et al, 2008), particularly due to the complex interaction between subsurface and surface mass and energy fluxes (Kane et al, 1991;Krogh et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2000). Physical processes that must be accounted for include snow accumulation and melt , snow interception and sublimation from forest canopies Schmidt and Gluns, 1991), blowing snow sublimation and redistribution Schmidt, 1982), evapotranspiration (Wessel and Rouse, 1994), infiltration into frozen and unfrozen soils Kane, 1980;Kane and Stein, 1983), water flow through snowpack (Colbeck, 1972;Marsh and Woo, 1984a, b), ground freeze and thaw (Juminikis, 1977), surface and subsurface flow (Quinton and Gray, 2001;Quinton and Marsh, 1999), and groundwater (Cederstrom et al, 1953) and streamflow routing (Woo and Sauriol, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical processes that must be accounted for include snow accumulation and melt , snow interception and sublimation from forest canopies Schmidt and Gluns, 1991), blowing snow sublimation and redistribution Schmidt, 1982), evapotranspiration (Wessel and Rouse, 1994), infiltration into frozen and unfrozen soils Kane, 1980;Kane and Stein, 1983), water flow through snowpack (Colbeck, 1972;Marsh and Woo, 1984a, b), ground freeze and thaw (Juminikis, 1977), surface and subsurface flow (Quinton and Gray, 2001;Quinton and Marsh, 1999), and groundwater (Cederstrom et al, 1953) and streamflow routing (Woo and Sauriol, 1980). The Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) platform was used to create the Arctic Hydrology Model (AHM) configuration (CRHM-AHM) by Krogh et al (2017). This spatially distributed and physically based model includes the key hydrological processes found at the Arctic treeline, such as blowing snow, snow and rain interception, sublimation, snowmelt, flow through snow, infiltration to frozen and unfrozen soils, evapotranspiration, runoff as overland flow and subsurface flow through organic terrain, frozen ground dynamics including active layer thaw and groundwater flow and streamflow routing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This spatially distributed and physically based model includes the key hydrological processes found at the Arctic treeline, such as blowing snow, snow and rain interception, sublimation, snowmelt, flow through snow, infiltration to frozen and unfrozen soils, evapotranspiration, runoff as overland flow and subsurface flow through organic terrain, frozen ground dynamics including active layer thaw and groundwater flow and streamflow routing. CRHM-AHM was shown to properly represent the winter and summer hydrology of this environment with minimal calibration of some uncertain routing and storage parameters (Krogh et al, 2017). A great advantage of this model is its flexibility and potential to be adapted for the simulation of other Arctic basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent changes to the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin at the tundra–taiga transition

Krogh

Pomeroy

2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The impact of transient changes in climate and vegetation on the hydrology of small Arctic headwater basins has not been investigated before, particularly in the tundrataiga transition region. This study uses weather and land cover observations and a hydrological model suitable for cold regions to investigate historical changes in modelled hydrological processes driving the streamflow response of a small Arctic basin at the treeline. The physical processes found in this environment and explicit changes in vegetation extent and density were simulated and validated against observations of streamflow discharge, snow water equivalent and active layer thickness. Mean air temperature and all-wave irradiance have increased by 3.7 • C and 8.4 W m −2 , respectively, while precipitation has decreased 48 mm (10 %) since 1960. Two modelling scenarios were created to separate the effects of changing climate and vegetation on hydrological processes. Results show that over 1960-2016 most hydrological changes were driven by climate changes, such as decreasing snowfall, evapotranspiration, deepening active layer thickness, earlier snow cover depletion and diminishing annual sublimation and soil moisture. However, changing vegetation has a significant impact on decreasing blowing snow redistribution and sublimation, counteracting the impact of decreasing precipitation on streamflow, demonstrating the importance of including transient changes in vegetation in longterm hydrological studies. Streamflow dropped by 38 mm as a response to the 48 mm decrease in precipitation, suggesting a small degree of hydrological resiliency. These results represent the first detailed estimate of hydrological changes occurring in small Arctic basins, and can be used as a reference to inform other studies of Arctic climate change impacts.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent changes to the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin at the tundra–taiga transition

Krogh

Pomeroy

2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Bedrock morphology influences rock barrens turtle nesting habitat energy dynamics

Van Huizen,

Markle,

Moore

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Energy absorption and flow through a nest is an important aspect of embryonic development in many reptile species including turtles. To date, few studies have explicitly attempted to quantify the energy flow through turtle nests, opting instead for the simplified approach offered by temperature index models. However, the quantification of the energy can provide an explicit abiotic link that can link biological models to biometeorological and ecohydrological processes and models. We investigated the energy flow through turtle nests occupying different bedrock morphologies within a Canadian Shield Rock Barren landscape, in Ontario, Canada. The taxons studied were Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata), Midland Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata), and Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). Nest temperature and soil moisture were measured in 2018 and 2019 using sensors placed in the soil adjacent to 12 turtle nest cavities. Three main rock morphologies were identified for each nest location, Crevice, Ledge, and Flat types, that are in order of decreasing bedrock percentage contact with the nest site. Ground heat flux and change in heat storage were determined using the calorimetric method for each nest, while the direction of energy flux between the atmosphere and the underlying rock was also determined. The Crevice nest morphology experienced the lowest ground heat flux on average (1.56 × 10−1 W m−2) and lowest cumulative heat storage (230 MJ) compared to the Flat (440 MJ) and Ledge (331 MJ) nests. However, over the diurnal cycle, large heat gains by Flat nests were mostly balanced out by nighttime heat losses. While Crevice nests saw the lowest daily heat storage gains, they experienced much lower heat losses over the evening period compared to the other nest types. Furthermore, we found that 59% of the energy is directed from the underlying bedrock into the Crevice nest, highlighting the importance of the bedrock in controlling thermal dynamics in the turtle nesting habitat. The lower variability in energy parameters for Crevice nest types can be attributed to higher amounts of nest‐to‐bedrock contact, compared to the flat nest types. Our results indicate that Crevice morphology may be ideal for turtles nesting at their northern limits because minimal heat loss during the evening can result in a more stable thermal incubation environment. Future conservation and habitat restoration efforts should consider the importance of bedrock morphology and prioritize the protection of Crevice nest sites. Furthermore, this work highlights important opportunities for potential interdisciplinary work between ecologists, climatologists, biologists, and hydrologists, specifically the integration of ecohydrological and biological models. This work also underscores the potential uncertainty of climate change impacts on turtle egg hatching success and nest sex ratios.

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Element cycling and aquatic function in a changing Arctic

Hernes

Tank

Sejr

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Arctic systems are under intense pressure from anthropogenic activities, with climate change in particular inducing rapid change in the interlinked cycling of water and various biogeochemical constituents, and thus also the ecological processes that depend on these cycles. This special issue for Limnology and Oceanography explores our changing Arctic, with contributions across the watershed‐lake‐river‐estuary‐coastal‐open ocean continuum, and foci ranging from physical and chemical processes to food webs. Some specific areas of focus include legacy pollution from mines, greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, riverine fluxes of materials, as well as the balance between primary production and respiration in the water column and benthos in marine systems. While varied in focus, as a collection the papers in this special issue do provide direction into key avenues for future effort. For example, while Arctic systems are historically understudied due to financial and logistical costs, long‐term monitoring efforts are clearly critical for documenting change, despite the challenges. In freshwater systems, predicting biogeochemistry, and thus ecology, based on landscape characteristics and lake morphology is an ongoing practice that seems particularly promising for both upscaling and decisions on focusing future research effort. In marine and coastal systems, complementing specific local studies with large‐scale cross‐disciplinary monitoring programs is clearly required for elucidating long‐term trends. While baseline research is critical for documenting the Arctic as it currently stands, and constitutes the majority of current research efforts, ongoing support for long‐term observatories and expanding remote sensing capabilities is a fundamental requirement for tracking change.

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Diagnosis of the hydrology of a small Arctic basin at the tundra-taiga transition using a physically based hydrological model

Cited by 65 publications

References 93 publications

Recent changes to the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin at the tundra–taiga transition

Recent changes to the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin at the tundra–taiga transition

Bedrock morphology influences rock barrens turtle nesting habitat energy dynamics

Element cycling and aquatic function in a changing Arctic

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