Diagnosis of Snake Venoms by a Reverse Latex Agglutination Test

Chinonavanig, Leera; Karnchanachetanee, C; Pongsettakul, P; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi

doi:10.3109/15563659109025746

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…2 The epidemiology of snake bite was quite different in Bangkok, where green pit viper was much more prevalent (77% to more than 90%) than the other types of venomous snakes. 4,14 Although serologic testing to identify the species of snakes is the reliable method for diagnosing definite type of snake bite, 15,16 these tests are not available in most general hospitals, and the interpretation of blood tests of patients who received antivenom is still problematic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Involvement and Hepatocellular Injury Caused by a Snake With Hematotoxin Envenomation

Sontichai¹,

Reungrongrat²,

Narongchai

et al. 2015

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Venomous snakes with hematotoxin-Russell's viper (Daboia spp), Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), and green pit viper (Cryptelytrops albolabris and C macrops, previously named Trimeresurus spp) are commonly found in Thailand. Coagulation factor activation, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation are the main mechanisms of hemorrhaging from these snake bites. The neurological involvement and hepatocellular injury after Russell's viper bites were reported in Sri Lanka, but there is no report from Southeast Asia. This case was a 12-year-old hill tribe boy who had ptosis and exotropia of the left eye, respiratory distress, and prolonged venous clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time; low fibrinogen and platelet count; and transaminitis after being bitten by a darkish-colored snake. He did not respond to antivenom for cobra, Malayan pit viper, or Russell's viper. However, his neurological abnormalities, respiratory failure, and hepatocellular injury improved, and coagulopathy was finally corrected after receiving antivenom for green pit viper. The unidentified snake with hematotoxin was alleged for all manifestations in this patient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Involvement and Hepatocellular Injury Caused by a Snake With Hematotoxin Envenomation

Sontichai¹,

Reungrongrat²,

Narongchai

et al. 2015

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…Several immuno- and DNA-based multiplex methods have emerged for snake venom detection 5 , 11 , including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) 12 , aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA) 13 , agglutination assays 14 , optical immunoassays 15 , fluorescent sensor microarrays 16 , polymerase chain reactions 17 , loop-mediated isothermal amplifications 18 , impedimetric immunosensors 19 , and mass spectrometry 20 . However, these proof-of-concept methods are laboratory-based and require extensive time (> 2 h), dedicated equipment, and trained personnel to carry out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex lateral flow assay development for snake venom detection in biological matrices

Knudsen,

Belfakir,

Degnegaard

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Bothrops and Lachesis are two of Brazil’s medically most relevant snake genera, causing tens of thousands of bites annually. Fortunately, Brazil has good accessibility to high-quality antivenoms at the genus and inter-genus level, enabling the treatment of many of these envenomings. However, the optimal use of these treatments requires that the snake species responsible for the bite is determined. Currently, physicians use a syndromic approach to diagnose snakebite, which can be difficult for medical personnel with limited training in clinical snakebite management. In this work, we have developed a novel monoclonal antibody-based multiplex lateral flow assay for differentiating Bothrops and Lachesis venoms within 15 min. The test can be read by the naked eye or (semi)-quantitatively by a smartphone supported by a 3D-printed attachment for controlling lighting conditions. The LFA can detect Bothrops and Lachesis venoms in spiked plasma and urine matrices at concentrations spanning six orders of magnitude. The LFA has detection limits of 10–50 ng/mL in spiked plasma and urine, and 50–500 ng/mL in spiked sera, for B. atrox and L. muta venoms. This test could potentially support medical personnel in correctly diagnosing snakebite envenomings at the point-of-care in Brazil, which may help improve patient outcomes and save lives.

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“…Therefore, it is highly desired to achieve efficient on-site detection of snake venom. Since the 1970s, many methods have been developed to isolate and identify snake venom proteins, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA), agglutination assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), optical immunoassay (OIA), and mass spectrometry (MS). , The Snake Venom Detection Kit (SVDK; bioCSL Pty Ltd., Australia), a sandwich enzyme immunoassay assay, is the only commercially available diagnostic kit for the detection of snake venom. It is quite significant to adopt an appropriate antivenom for the timely clinical treatment of bitten patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake Venom Identification via Fluorescent Discrimination

et al. 2021

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The identification and discrimination of snake venom are highly desired for timely clinical treatment. However, the complex components in snake venom make it a great challenge to achieve rapid and accurate identification. Inspired by the organism's taste sensing system, a fluorescent sensor array that could differentiate snake venoms was fabricated. The interaction of snake venoms with different fluorescent dyes in the sensor array gave rich information, based on which efficient detection of complex snake venom was achieved. The main six proteins of snake venom in the same concentration, different concentrations, and their mixtures were identified with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, seven snake venoms belonging to different snake families were discriminated in PBS buffer and human plasma. Interferents of bovine serum albumin (BSA), thrombin, and transferrin (TRF) demonstrated the practicability of the fluorescent sensor array. This strategy of a multiresponse sensor array provides an effective method for accurate and rapid venom toxicology analysis, benefiting early and timely clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Diagnosis of Snake Venoms by a Reverse Latex Agglutination Test

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Neurological Involvement and Hepatocellular Injury Caused by a Snake With Hematotoxin Envenomation

Neurological Involvement and Hepatocellular Injury Caused by a Snake With Hematotoxin Envenomation

Multiplex lateral flow assay development for snake venom detection in biological matrices

Snake Venom Identification via Fluorescent Discrimination

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