Diagnosis of Resistance to Organophosphorus Insecticides in Myzus persicae (Sulz.)

Needham, P. H.; Sawicki, R. M.

doi:10.1038/230125a0

Cited by 132 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As with many insect species, a strong positive correlation between general esterase activity and resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid chemical classes has been observed in the green peach aphid (Needham and Sawicki, 1971;Devonshire, 1989). Besides hydrolysis, large amounts of the enzyme produced in vivo (up to 3% of the total protein in highly resistant aphids) results in sequestration by esterase E4 resulting from successive tandem duplications of the E4 structural gene Figure 5.…”

Section: Esterase Gene Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Esterase‐based resistance in the tobacco‐adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the eastern United States

Srigiriraju

Semtner

Anderson

et al. 2009

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Organophosphates and carbamates represent alternative insecticides in managing the tobacco-adapted form of the green peach aphid (TGPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), a major pest of tobacco in the United States and around the world. General esterases that detoxify these insecticides were assessed in green, red, and orange morphs of field-collected M. persicae. A total of 136 aphid colonies were collected from 2004 though 2007 and screened for total esterase activity. The green morphs had lower esterase levels, with a mean of 77+/-6.6 nmol/min/mg protein, as compared to red (84+/-2.9 nmol/min/mg protein) and orange morphs (172+/-16.5 nmol/min/mg protein). Overall esterase activities, and those for the red and green morphs, were positively correlated with LC(50) values for acephate (organophosphate) and methomyl (carbamate) assessed in leaf-dip bioassays. Esterase genes responsible for higher esterase activities were diagnosed by gene amplification studies. Twenty-three of 24 colonies tested had either the E4 or FE4 gene amplified, both known to confer esterase-based resistance. Fifteen out of the 24 colonies tested had amplified E4 gene and four colonies had FE4 gene amplification. All orange morphs and one green morph had both E4 and FE4 genes amplified. This unique phenotype, where two esterase genes were amplified had an 865-bp band characteristic of the FE4 gene and an additional 381-bp band characteristic of a deleted upstream region of the E4 gene. Changes that occurred in esterase-based resistance in the TGPA over the past two decades and their implications on insecticide resistance management are discussed.

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Section: Esterase Gene Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Esterase‐based resistance in the tobacco‐adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the eastern United States

Srigiriraju

Semtner

Anderson

et al. 2009

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Early work on the OP-resistant peach-potato aphid M. persicae identified a correlation between CarbE activity and metabolic resistance (Needham and Sawicki 1971). It was later discovered that the metabolic resistance observed was a result of the increased expression of two b-esterase isozymes, E4 and FE4 (Devonshire 1977;Devonshire and Sawicki 1979;Field and Devonshire 1998;Field et al 1993).…”

Section: The E4/fe4 Cbes In Myzus Persicaementioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylesterases in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Pesticides

Jackson

Oakeshott

Sanchez-Hernadez

et al. 2011

Anticholinesterase Pesticides

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“…The enzyme also hydrolyses readily assayed model substrates such as naphthyl acetate, and the correlation between resistance and this esterase activity was established (Needham & Sawicki, 1971) long before the enzyme's ability to detoxify insecticides was confirmed (Devonshire, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of microplate esterase assays and immunoassay for identifying insecticide resistant variants of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Devonshire

Devine

Moores

1992

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Insecticide resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer) employ increased esterase activity to detoxify insecticides by hydrolysis and sequestration. The amount of esterase, and hence resistance, in individual aphids can be determined by measuring either overall naphthyl acetate hydrolysis in crude homogenates, or the specific enzyme responsible (E4 or FE4) after electrophoresis or immunological isolation. The ability of a total esterase assay, done in microplates, to discriminate between susceptible (S) aphids and resistant variants (R,, R 2 ) with different amounts of E4/FE4, was compared with the resolving power of the more elaborate immunoassay technique. The immunoassay gave the better discrimination between variants, resolving them all with greater than 95% confidence, with particularly good separation of R, from S. The microplate assay using crude homogenates, although a poorer discriminator, identified most of the very resistant (R 2 ) aphids, and provided a robust and widely accessible method for broadly representing the resistance of field populations.

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Diagnosis of Resistance to Organophosphorus Insecticides in Myzus persicae (Sulz.)

Cited by 132 publications

References 6 publications

Esterase‐based resistance in the tobacco‐adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the eastern United States

Esterase‐based resistance in the tobacco‐adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the eastern United States

Carboxylesterases in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Pesticides

Comparison of microplate esterase assays and immunoassay for identifying insecticide resistant variants of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

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