Diagnosis of Rabies by Use of Brain Tissue Dried on Filter Paper

Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Phumesin, Patta; Lumlertdaecha, Boonlert; Hemachudha, Thiravat

doi:10.1086/367668

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…RT-hn-PCR was chosen for its high sensitivity and its availability at the NRL. Nested PCR was shown to enable viral RNA detection from dried brain tissue on filter paper stored for up to 222 days contrary to non-nested PCRs which were only able to detect viral RNA from filter papers stored for 28 days [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Using a single-use tongue depressor, a piece of 1 cm 3 (650 ± 76.6 mg) of cerebral tissue was impregnated on a surface of 9 × 4 cm 2 of Whatman 903 filter paper (Schleicher & Schuell, USA), as used by Wacharapluesadee et al [16], corresponding to 18 mg on average of tissue per cm 2 . Filter paper was then dried for 12 h at room temperature (about 20˚C) and enclosed in a paper envelope before being stored in a storage box at room temperature until use.…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Rt-hn-pcr-fp: Filter Paper Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their small size makes them easy to pack and ship, and their conservation properties at ambient temperature facilitates shipping and storage. A limited number of studies have focused on the serologic [12,14] or molecular diagnosis of rabies using filter papers [14][15][16][17]. The latter studies evaluated the feasibility and the methods for storing and extracting rabies virus RNA from filter papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enabling animal rabies diagnostic in low-access areas: Sensitivity and specificity of a molecular diagnostic test from cerebral tissue dried on filter paper

Rasolonjatovo¹,

Guis²,

Rajeev³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Rabies is a lethal zoonotic encephalomyelitis that causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths yearly worldwide. Although developing countries of Asia and Africa bear the heaviest burden, surveillance and disease detection in these countries is often hampered by the absence of local laboratories able to diagnose rabies and/or the difficulties of sample shipment from low-access areas to national reference laboratories. Filter papers offer a convenient cost-effective alternative for the sampling, shipment, and storage of biological materials for the diagnosis of many pathogens including rabies virus, yet the properties of diagnostic tests using this support have not been evaluated thoroughly. Sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnosis of rabies infection using a reverse transcription followed by a hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-hn-PCR) either directly on brain tissue or using brain tissue dried on filter paper were assessed on 113 suspected field animal samples in comparison to the direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) recommended by the World Health Organization as one of the reference tests for rabies diagnosis. Impact of the duration of the storage was also evaluated. The sensitivity and the specificity of RT-hn-PCR i) on brain tissue were 96.6% (95% CI: [88.1-99.6]) and 92.7% (95% CI: [82.4-98.0]) respectively and ii) on brain tissue dried on filter paper 100% (95% CI: [93.8-100.0]) and 90.9% (95% CI: [80.0-97.0]) respectively. No loss of sensitivity of RT-hn-PCR on samples of brain tissue dried on filter paper left 7 days at ambient temperature was detected indicating that this method would enable analyzing impregnated filter papers sent to the national reference laboratory at ambient temperature within a 1-week shipment time. It could therefore be an PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Sample Preparation For Rt-hn-pcr-fp: Filter Paper Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enabling animal rabies diagnostic in low-access areas: Sensitivity and specificity of a molecular diagnostic test from cerebral tissue dried on filter paper

Rasolonjatovo¹,

Guis²,

Rajeev³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…FTA ® (Flinders Technology Associates) cards are specially treated filter papers that inactivate the pathogenic bacteria/virus upon contact, thereby allowing safe and easy transport of materials to the laboratory (Muthukrishnan et al, 2008). A number of studies have evaluated use of FTA ® cards for screening of infectious diseases of veterinary importance namely, rabies virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, newcastle virus, swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), avian metapneumovirus, bovine respiratory disease complex (BVDV, BRSV, coronavirus, BoHV-1) (Inoue et al, 2007;Maldonado et al, 2009;Muthukrishnan et al, 2008;Perozo et al, 2006, Picard-Meyer et al, 2007Prickett et al, 2008;Wacharapluesadee et al, 2003). Most of these studies have shown comparable sensitivity and specificity of detection with samples transported through traditional cold chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a specialized filter-paper matrix for transportation of extended bovine semen to screen for bovine herpesvirus-1 by real-time PCR

Sarangi

Naveena

Rana

et al. 2018

Journal of Virological Methods

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The extended frozen semen (EFS) batches produced from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) sero-positive cattle and buffalo bulls housed in various semen stations in India are transported to the testing laboratory in liquid nitrogen (LN) for screening bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). This procedure is laborious and poses LN related hazards. An alternative logistics for transportation of samples was investigated. Use of Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) elute card was evaluated for transportation of extended bovine semen to screen BoHV-1 DNA by real-time PCR targeting gB gene and the method was compared with the OIE approved Chelex resin based method. A protocol for extraction of BoHV-1 DNA from FTA card spotted with extended semen was optimized. The viral DNA was found to be stable on FTA card for at least 28 days when the cards are stored at 4°-37 °C. The analytical sensitivity for the assay was determined using variable dilutions of BoHV-1 spiked semen and positive plasmid harbouring gB gene (97bp) spotted onto FTA card and it was found to be 10 TCID/ml or 100 copies respectively in real-time PCR. The test could detect as low as 10 TCID/ml or 1 copy of positive plasmid when more number of replicates (n = 6) of the same sample were tested. This sensitivity was found to be comparable to Chelex method and both the methods demonstrated a very strong correlation (r = 0.9774; 95% CI: 0.9620-0.9860) in terms of Ct value (p < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the FTA method in comparison to the Chelex method was 83.08% (95% CI: 71.73%-91.24%) and 93.23% (95% CI: 89.38%-96.01%) respectively when 316 samples were screened by both the methods. The degree of agreement between these two tests was good (Kappa value: 0.738; 95% CI: 0.646-0.829). The method was found to be robust and highly repeatable in inter-assay and intra-assay precision testing. The result suggests that the FTA card holds promise as an alternative system for transportation of EFS for downstream screening of BoHV-1 DNA.

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“…Several recent publications have described techniques for detecting viral nucleic acid sequences in clinical or field samples dried and stored on filter paper. Wacharapluesadee and others 1 reported that rabies virus RNA could be detected by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) done on canine brain samples blotted on filter paper and stored for up to 222 days at room temperature. Several groups 2,3 have also reported nested PCR techniques for detecting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in dried blood spots collected on filter paper in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Infectivity and Rna of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, West Nile, and Yellow Fever Viruses Dried on Filter Paper and Maintained at Room Temperature

Guzmán

Ding

Xiao

et al. 2005

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Samples of laboratory propagated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), West Nile (WN), and yellow fever (YF) viruses were blotted onto filter paper discs, air-dried, and stored at room temperature. At regular intervals over a 90-day period, the dried virus samples were eluted, tested for infectivity by culture and titration in Vero cells, and examined for viral RNA by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The VEE, WN, and YF viral RNA was detected throughout the 90-day period in all samples examined. Infectious VEE virus could be recovered for up to 40 days; WN and YF viruses were cultured in Vero cells for up to 60 and 90 days, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that viral nucleic acids and infectious virus can be recovered from arbovirus samples air-dried on filter paper and stored at room temperature for a month or more after collection. This procedure offers a simple and inexpensive method for collecting arbovirus field specimens and transporting them to diagnostic laboratories.

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Diagnosis of Rabies by Use of Brain Tissue Dried on Filter Paper

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Enabling animal rabies diagnostic in low-access areas: Sensitivity and specificity of a molecular diagnostic test from cerebral tissue dried on filter paper

Enabling animal rabies diagnostic in low-access areas: Sensitivity and specificity of a molecular diagnostic test from cerebral tissue dried on filter paper

Evaluation of a specialized filter-paper matrix for transportation of extended bovine semen to screen for bovine herpesvirus-1 by real-time PCR

Duration of Infectivity and Rna of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, West Nile, and Yellow Fever Viruses Dried on Filter Paper and Maintained at Room Temperature

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