Diagnosis of pregnancy and prediction of fetal age in red deer by real-time ultrasonic scanning

White, I R; McKelvey, W.A.C.; Busby, Scott A.; Sneddon, Anne; Hamilton, W R

doi:10.1136/vr.124.15.395

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The head width, or biparietal diameter (BPD), was widely measured in the human and was mainly measured in the animal. In small ruminants during pregnancy, ultrasoundderived BPD data have been reported for various breeds of goats [8][9][10]17], sheep [1,5,10] and red deer [2,23]. Haibel [8] reported that BPD was significantly increased with gestational age in dairy goats (r 2 =0.9811).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Measurement of fetal trunk diameter by ultrasonography was used generally for assessment of gestational ages in human and animals. However, in small ruminants, it was reported only in ewe [1] and red deer [2,23]. Aiumlamai et al [1] reported that coefficient value of fetal trunk diameter against gestational age in ewes was significant (r=0.80).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were also reported in the small ruminants. In sheep [1,5,10,12,16], goat [8][9][10]17] and red deer [2,23], relationship between biparietal diameter and gestational age was reported. Additionally, in the sheep and goat, gestational age was also estimated by diameter of fetal trunk [1,10,16] and placentome [10,12] using ultrasound.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Parameters for Estimation of Gestational Age in Korean Black Goats

Lee

Cho

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine relationship of gestational age with measurement of diameter of head, orbit, trunk, long and short axis of heart, aorta, placentome, umbilical cord and umbilical vein in Korean black goats. In this study, ten pregnant Korean black goats (Capra hircus aegagrus) were used. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed with a 5 MHz linear transducer and ultrasonographic scan were performed at 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 and 135 days after mating with a 4-9 MHz convex transducer. For accurate measurement, all fetal organs were measured at least 3 times. The diameter of head, orbit, trunk, long and short axis of heart, aorta, placentome, umbilical cord and umbilical vein were significantly increased with the gestational age (P<0.05). Of these parameters, trunk (r=0.8876; p<0.001), long axis of heart (r=0.9168; p<0.001) and short axis of heart (r=0.8819; p<0.001) proved to be the more effective measurements than other parameters, as it correlated well with gestational age. Results indicate that ultrasonic measurements of these parameters were useful methods to estimate gestational age in Korean black goat. KEY WORDS: fetal parameter, gestational age, Korean black goat, ultrasonography.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Parameters for Estimation of Gestational Age in Korean Black Goats

Lee

Cho

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For this purpose, on August 27 th 2009, hinds were divided in three groups for breeding so that each group was assigned to five stags which were maintained during a month and removed from the herds on September 29 th . Two months after the males were removed from the groups of hinds, these were examined by rectal ultrasonography using a ultrasonic equipment Aloca 500 SSD with a 7.5 MHz probe Since positive diagnosis was made by direct observation and measurement of foetal structures (crownrump length, head length, head diameter, nose length, chest depth, chest width) then we considered that sensitivity was 100% like those data reported by other authors (White et al, 1989;Bingham et al, 1990). Anyway, the degree of specificity and accuracy of our results can be considered high and this indicates that from two to three months gestation onwards the transrectal technique can be used very reliably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication. Real-time ultrasonography for early pregnancy diagnosis and incidence of embryonic/foetal mortality in farmed Iberian red deer hinds

Gomez-Nieto

Santiago-Moreno²,

Landete‐Castillejos³

et al. 1970

Span. j. agric. res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the trans-rectal ultrasonography technique applied to the Iberian red deer hinds since it has not been previously documented in Spain. Experimentation was also used to test the hypothesis that a lower fertility in young hinds could be due to an increment in embryonic or foetal mortality. For this purpose, 116 hinds divided in three groups depending on its age (young, adults and senescent) were examined by rectal ultrasonography and the different foetal structures measured two months after the males were removed from the groups of hinds. With these data, specificity and predictive value of negative diagnoses of the technique has been calculated. Trans-rectal ultrasonography is an accurate technique to use in Iberian red deer dams with overall levels of pregnant detection near to 92%. Finally, the youngest hinds showed poorer fertility rates (17.24% vs. 59.30% and 58.33% of senescent and prime-age respectively) and also higher of embryonic or foetal mortality (2 deaths out of 7 positive pregnant diagnoses compared with no deaths in the senescent group and 4 deaths out of 39 positive pregnant diagnoses in the prime-age group).Additional key words: echography; fertility; reproduction; Spain. ResumenNota corta. Aplicación de la ultrasonografía transrectal en el diagnóstico precoz de gestación y evaluación de la mortalidad embrionaria/fetal en ciervas ibéricas mantenidas en granja El objetivo principal del presente estudio ha sido evaluar la precisión de la ultrasonografía transrectal aplicada a las ciervas ibéricas, ya que no ha sido documentado previamente en España. Paralelamente, se ha intentado comprobar la hipótesis de que la menor fertilidad en las hembras más jóvenes podría deberse a una mayor mortalidad embrionariofetal. Para ello, 116 hembras divididas en tres grupos en función de su edad (jóvenes, adultas y viejas) fueron ecografiadas a los 2 meses de la retirada de los machos y medidas las diferentes estructuras fetales. Con estos datos se ha calculado la especificidad y seguridad en el diagnóstico negativo de la técnica. La ultrasonografía transrectal es una técnica precisa para su uso en ciervas ibéricas, con niveles de detección de gestación cercanos al 92%. Finalmente, las ciervas más jóvenes muestran peores índices de fertilidad (17,24% vs 59,30% y 58,33% del grupo de viejas y adultas respectivamente) y mayores mortalidades embrionario-fetales (2 muertes de 7 diagnósticos gestantes positivos en comparación con ninguna muerte en el grupo de hembras de más edad y con 4 muertes de 39 diagnósticos gestantes en las hembras adultas).

show abstract

“…Ultrasonography has been used for pregnancy diagnosis and fetal measurement in a number of cervid species, such as red deer, fallow deer and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In red deer, regression lines are available for fetal age estimation that were obtained by measuring various dimensions of fetuses of known age using ultrasonography as early as day 24 of pregnancy [24,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Age Estimation of Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Using Ultrasonography During Early Pregnancy

Yanagawa

Matsuura

Suzuki

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In sika deer, the normal method of estimating fetal age, based on fetal weight, is not applicable during the early pregnancy period. The objective of the present study was to describe the growth and development of sika deer fetuses and to establish a method for fetal age estimation during early pregnancy using ultrasonography. Five captive female Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) were observed for estrus and mated (day 0) with an intact male. At two-or three-day intervals, fetuses were observed by rectal ultrasonographic scans until 59-61 days of gestation. The straight crown-rump length (SCRL), curved crown-rump length (CCRL), head length (HL), trunk depth (TD) and heart rate (HR) of the fetuses were measured. Linear regression equations were computed for each measurement together with fetal age. Analyses were conducted after transformation to a natural logarithm for SCRL and CCRL. All equations were significant (P<0.001), with SCRL becoming measurable earlier (day 20) than the others and yielding the best correlation (Days= -2.08+14.15 LnX: X=SCRL, Ln=natural logarithm). Therefore, we concluded that a precise estimation of fetal age in early gestation is best performed using SCRL measurements. Key words: Fetal age estimation, Fetal development, Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), Ultrasonography (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [143][144][145][146][147][148] 2009) easonal breeding is a common feature among cervid species in temperate regions. As they are short-day breeders, they mate in autumn [1,2] and fawn in early summer [3] in Japan. However, a previous study [4] indicated that conception is delayed in young and old females and that lactating adults are likely to conceive later than non-lactating adults. It is also known that delayed conception results in delayed fawning [2]. Delayed fawning negatively influences calf survival and the female's reproductive success since it is difficult for a fawn born late to attain a sufficient nutritional condition to survive the winter due to food limitations and females that deliver late sometimes fail to conceive in the following mating season [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, conception may be influenced by the conditions of the population and habitat since conception delayed in females in poor nutritional condition [11] resulting from poor food resources. Therefore, precise estimation of the conception date allows estimation of the population and habitat quality for this species. It also advances the physiological researches by using both live animals and carcasses obtained in the wild.In free-ranging animals, including cervid species, it is impossible to pinpoint exact conception dates by field observations alone. Therefore, they are typically determined by using fetal age, which is normally estimated by fetal weight in animals such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) [12], fallow deer (Dama dama) [13,14] and various other mammals [15]. Likewise, an equation is also available for estimation of fetal age from fetal body weight in Hokkaido sika deer (C...

show abstract

Diagnosis of pregnancy and prediction of fetal age in red deer by real-time ultrasonic scanning

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Parameters for Estimation of Gestational Age in Korean Black Goats

Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Parameters for Estimation of Gestational Age in Korean Black Goats

Short communication. Real-time ultrasonography for early pregnancy diagnosis and incidence of embryonic/foetal mortality in farmed Iberian red deer hinds

Fetal Age Estimation of Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Using Ultrasonography During Early Pregnancy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About