Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria using a specific deoxyribonucleic acid probe

Relf, Wendy A.; Boreham, Robyn E.; Tapchaisri, Pramuan; Khusmith, Srisin; Healey, Andrew; Upcroft, Peter; Tharavanij, S; Kidson, Chev

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90128-2

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The low sensitivity might have been due to low copy number of the DNA target, as the abundant rRNA molecules were detected with adequate sensitivity with a radiolabeled probe (130). Subsequently, a radiolabeled P. vivax-specific repetitive sequence probe (VPL101/5) detected isolates from diverse geographic areas and performed adequately compared with microscopy (95).…”

Section: P Vivaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA probes and PCR for diagnosis of parasitic infections

Weiss

1995

Clin Microbiol Rev

128

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DNA probe and PCR-based assays to identify and detect parasites are technically complex; however, they have high sensitivity, directly detect parasites independent of the immunocompetence or previous clinical history of the patient, and can distinguish between organisms that are morphologically similar. Diagnosis of parasites is often based on direct detection by microscopy, which is insensitive and laborious and can lack specificity. Most PCR-based assays were more sensitive than DNA probe assays. The development of PCR-based diagnostic assays requires multiple steps following the initial selection of oligonucleotide primers and reporter probe. Generally, the ability to detect the DNA of one parasite was attained by PCR; however, advances in the preparation of samples for PCR (extraction of DNA while removing PCR inhibitors) will be required to achieve that sensitivity with human specimens. Preliminary PCR systems have been developed for many different parasites, yet few have been evaluated with a large number of clinical specimens and/or under field conditions. Those evaluations are essential for determination of clinical and field utility and performance and of the most appropriate application of the assay. Several situations in which PCR-based diagnosis will result in epidemiologic, medical, or public health advances have been identified.

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Section: P Vivaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA probes and PCR for diagnosis of parasitic infections

Weiss

1995

Clin Microbiol Rev

128

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“…The frequency with which unsuspected P. vivax infections emerge when protected patients clear their P. falciparum infections, in a variety of locations (Looareesuwan et al, 1987;Takagi et al, 1988;Nguyen and Keystone, 1989; Schuurkamp, 1992), hints that many mixed-species infections still escape detection. Though it is conceivable that this phenomenon derives solely from P. vivax hypnozoites, molecular-level detection methods produce wildly disproportionate increases in the reported prevalence of mixed-species infections (Barker et al, 1989;Relf et al, 1990; Brown et al, 1992; Arai et al, 1994) and may do so with several combinations of species; in studies comparing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to microscopy, for example, Snounou, Pinheiro et al (1993) found that in Guinea Bissau mixed-species cases accounted for roughly half of a 142% increase and in Thailand (Snounou, Viriyakosol et al, 1993) three-quarters of a 22% increase in infections detected.Although P. ovale was seldom recognized as a distinct etiologic entity until the 1960s, reports of human populations in which just 1 or 2 Plasmodium species caused malaria became typical only as the global malaria-eradication campaigns of that era subsided. Accordingly, our predecessors based their analyses almost exclusively on studies in which 3 Plasmodium species were reported present.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mixed-Species Plasmodium Infections of Humans

Wh²

1997

The Journal of Parasitology

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We analyzed point-prevalence data from 35 recent studies of human populations in which Plasmodium falciparum and one other Plasmodium species were the reported causes of malaria infections. For the P. falciparum-Plasmodium vivax pair, higher overall prevalence in a human population is associated with fewer mixed-species infections than expected on the basis of the product of individual species prevalences. This is not true for P. falciparum-Plasmodium malariae.Our current understanding of parasite communities rests on several decades of fruitful studies of helminths (Noble, 1960;Schad, 1963;Kennedy, 1975;Scott and Gibbs, 1986;Stock and Holmes, 1988;Esch et al., 1990;Fernandez and Esch, 1991; Booth and Bundy, 1992;Kennedy and Bush, 1992). Many of the ecological and evolutionary insights from these pioneering studies could be tested among parasitic protists as well, building from analyses of relatively static, simple patterns among a few congeners toward those of dynamic interactions among multiple genera. Among helminths, for instance, Dobson (1985Dobson ( , 1990 Dobson and Roberts, 1994) has emphasized that aggregated intraspecific distributions may diminish interspecific competition, and Font (1991, 1994;Lotz et al., 1995) have stressed that species rarity and recruitment may modulate patterns of interspecific association.Four species of Plasmodium cause human malaria, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax. Sympatric combinations of these species occur in human populations and within infected individuals. Various phenomena associated with species co-occurrence have been studied as such for more than a century, e.g., Thayer and Hewetson (1895), since an era in which the very existence of more than one species was subject to debate. Biogeographic anomalies such as the absence of P. vivax and presence of P. ovale in West Africa and the spotty worldwide distribution of P. malariae have periodically attracted intense interest (see Molineaux, 1988), as have the frequencies of species co-occurrence within individuals and the possible correlates of mixed-species infections. This paper focusses on the latter 2 topics, particularly in those human populations in which recent reports suggest that only P. falciparum and 1 other Plasmodium species co-occur.In a massive survey of Plasmodium species prevalence in humans, Knowles and White (1930) recorded mixed-species infections at various frequencies at various sites on all 6 inhabited continents and noted that particular species combinations were often seasonal. They complained that mixed-species infections were often underreported, and demonstrated the phenomenon in a test of microscopists. Cohen's (1973) analysis of the epidemiological literature concluded that deficits in the reported prevalence of mixed-species infections were not wholly artifactual, but common, often statistically significant phenomena with a previously unsuspected biological basis in heterologous immunity. His hypothesis was later extended to encompass the seasonal species pa...

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Human Malaria Transmission: Reconciling Field and Laboratory Data

Graves

1994

Advances in Disease Vector Research

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Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria using a specific deoxyribonucleic acid probe

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

DNA probes and PCR for diagnosis of parasitic infections

DNA probes and PCR for diagnosis of parasitic infections

Mixed-Species Plasmodium Infections of Humans

Human Malaria Transmission: Reconciling Field and Laboratory Data

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