Diagnosis of Pancreatic Allograft Rejection by Measurement of Urinary Radioimmunoreactive Insulin

Nanoscaled Discovery of a Shunt Rifamycin from Salinispora arenicola Using a Three-Color GFP-Tagged Staphylococcus aureus Macrophage Infection Assay

“…THP-1 cells are human monocytic cells that are differentiated into macrophages using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). These cells present an inflammatory macrophage phenotype, are highly phagocytic, and have been extensively used to study bacterial-macrophage interactions and antimicrobial intracellular activity. , Despite some differences when compared with primary cells, the use of this cell line allowed us to overcome issues with availability, donor variability, and ethical considerations associated with primary human blood monocyte-derived cultures, as well as high reagent costs, and the time consuming protocols of preparing macrophage-like cells from human embryonic stem cells . The differentiated, adherent THP-1 cells were infected with USA300 LAC-GFP S.…”

“…These cells present an inflammatory macrophage phenotype, are highly phagocytic, 14 and have been extensively used to study bacterial-macrophage interactions 15 and antimicrobial intracellular activity. 14 , 16 Despite some differences when compared with primary cells, 17 the use of this cell line allowed us to overcome issues with availability, donor variability, and ethical considerations associated with primary human blood monocyte-derived cultures, as well as high reagent costs, and the time consuming protocols of preparing macrophage-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. 18 The differentiated, adherent THP-1 cells were infected with USA300 LAC-GFP S. aureus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 for 1 h, and to test the intracellular activity of the compounds, the extracellular bacteria were killed by incubation with gentamicin prior to the addition of the test fractions.…”

Are there still roles for exocrine bladder drainage and portal venous drainage for pancreatic allografts?

“…Bladder drainage had the advantage of fewer episodes of sepsis while providing a means to monitor for pancreas rejection through the measurement of urinary amylase or urinary insulin [8,9]. Bladder drainage, using a segment of duodenum, advanced pancreas transplantation along with improvements in immunosuppression, surgical technique, and the advent of Belzer-UW preservation solution in 1986.…”