Diagnosis of Imported Canine Filarial Infections in Germany 2008 – 2010

Pantchev, Nikola; Etzold, Manja; Daugschies, Arwid; Dyachenko, Viktor

doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2403-7

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Whole blood samples (n = 440) were examined for microfilariae using a modified Knott's test according to Pantchev et al (2009aPantchev et al ( , 2011. Serum samples (n = 9,381) were tested for circulated D. immitis antigen by a commercial rapid assay test system (IDEXX SNAP ® canine heartworm ® ) following the manufacturer's instructions (see also Pantchev et al (2009b)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filariaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One explanation is that microfilariae originated from other filarial species (Dirofilaria repens, Acanthoheilonema reconditum or Dipetalonema dracunculoides) being also endemic in Europe and occurring in subcutaneous tissue or peritoneal cavity (Pantchev et al 2011). Cases of heartworm infections with a negative antigen result but with microfilaria circulating in the blood were also observed, but more rarely (Pantchev et al 2011). An adulticid treatment, only a few adults, delayed antigenemia or immune complexes are possible reasons for this constellation (Weil et al 1984, Pantchev et al 2011 (Pantchev et al 2011, Cabanova et al 2015, Ionica et al 2015, Manzocchi et al 2017.…”

Section: Filariaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases of heartworm infections with a negative antigen result but with microfilaria circulating in the blood were also observed, but more rarely (Pantchev et al 2011). An adulticid treatment, only a few adults, delayed antigenemia or immune complexes are possible reasons for this constellation (Weil et al 1984, Pantchev et al 2011 (Pantchev et al 2011, Cabanova et al 2015, Ionica et al 2015, Manzocchi et al 2017. In the present study, D. immitis was detected only in dogs originating from endemic areas like Spain/ Portugal and Greece.…”

Section: Filariaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses transmitted by the bite of hematophagous arthropods (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The occurrence of some vector-borne diseases of dogs and cats is increasing in Europe, i.e., canine leishmaniosis and filariosis (Otranto et al 2009a, Pantchev et al 2011, Wolf et al 2014 or babesiosis (Pantchev et al 2015a). CVBDs show an impact on animal and human health and a spread to non-endemic areas (Hirsch and Pantchev 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis

et al. 2017

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A cross-sectional study was designed to provide data on the detection of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) with special emphasis on leishmaniosis in Germany. For this purpose, results of blood or serum samples sent by local veterinarians to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory were retrospectively analysed. Samples were examined for Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Dirofilaria immitis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum during the years 2004-2006. Erythrocyte stages of large Babesia spp. or Babesia DNA were found in 1.7 % of 9,966 blood smears and 3.3 % of 15,555 samples examined by PCR, respectively. Large Babesia merozoites were found more frequently in Giemsastained smears from dogs born in Germany when compared to blood samples of dogs originating from south or south-east European countries. A total of 15 blood samples of German dogs which have never been abroad were positive for Babesia DNA. Antibodies titres (>= 80) against Babesia canis were detected by IFAT in 11.5 % of 2,653 serum samples. Out of 570 samples 3.2 % were positive for E. canis using PCR. Antibodies against E. canis and A. phagocytophilum (both at titres >= 50) were detected by indirect IFAT in 15.1 % and 41.9 % of 18,652 and 794 serum samples, respectively. Using Knott's test 4.5 % of 440 blood samples were positive for microfilariae, and Dirofilaria immitis antigen was found by ELISA in 1.4 % of S132 Ectopar asitEs 9,381 serum samples. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in 11 % of 301 whole blood or tissue samples examined by PCR. Antibodies against Leishmania were found in 23.5 % (23,665 samples) and 22.7 % (54,103 samples) of blood samples by IFAT (titres >= 50) and ELISA (>= 7 test units), respectively (2004-2006 versus 2014-2016). Antibodies against Leishmania (IFAT) were detected in 80.6 % (399/495) of dogs imported from endemic areas, in 57.6 % (34/59) of German dogs travelling outside Germany and in 4 (n = 8) German dogs without any history of travelling. Potential endemicity of leishmaniosis in Southern Germany was prospectively evaluated. For some of these infectious agents, sex or age of dogs and season were identified as risk factors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filariaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filariaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filariaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis

et al. 2017

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Antifilarial Chemotherapy: Current Options in Veterinary Medicine

Ketzis

Epe

2022

Human and Animal Filariases

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Allergic dermatitis by Dirofilaria repens in a dog: clinical picture and treatment

et al. 2012

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Adult stages of Dirofilaria repens (Nematoda, Filarioidea) reside in the subcutaneous tissues of the definitive or occasional host as dogs, other animals, and humans, and it is transmitted by mosquitoes. Canine infections with adults and circulating larvae of D. repens are often considered asymptomatic, although in some cases, the parasite causes subcutaneous nodules, diffused dermatitis, skin lesions, and itching. This report provides a complete clinical description of an unusual case of allergic diffused dermatitis caused by D. repens in a naturally infected dog and its successful treatment with the use of a spot-on solution containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5%. The dog presented multiple pustules and alopecic areas with lichenification, hyperpigmentation, and erythematous scaling margins without pruritus. Histological examination was compatible with allergic dermatitis. After being unsuccessfully managed for suspected food hypersensitivity, with a significantly worsening of the lesions, a Knott’s analysis detected nematode larvae in the blood. Morphological and molecular identification showed them to be D. repens. The dog was then treated with a single administration of a spot-on formulation containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5%, and the dermatological signs completely resolved within 2 months after treatment. The dog showed no recurrence of the lesions, and no circulating microfilariae were found upon microscopic and molecular examination for six consecutive months after treatment. This report indicates the apparent primary role of D. repens in causing hypersensitivity-like skin disease without pruritus in a dog. It also confirms, as recently shown elsewhere, the efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% in the treatment of dermatitis caused by D. repens.

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Diagnosis of Imported Canine Filarial Infections in Germany 2008 – 2010

Abstract: Filarial infections of dogs are attracting attention across Europe because of the risk of spread into previously non-endemic areas (e.g. Dirofilaria repens with Culicidae as vectors) and as emerging zoonotic agents.

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis

Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis

Antifilarial Chemotherapy: Current Options in Veterinary Medicine

Allergic dermatitis by Dirofilaria repens in a dog: clinical picture and treatment

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