Diagnosis of Gestational, Congenital, and Placental Malaria in Colombia: Comparison of the Efficacy of Microscopy, Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Histopathology

Campos, Ivón M.; Uribe, Mary Luz; Cuesta, Carolina; Franco-Gallego, Alexander; Carmona‐Fonseca, Jaime; Maestre, Amanda

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0507

Cited by 50 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recent reports supported the concept that detection and treatment of pregnant malaria during early gestation prevents miscarriage both in P. vivax and P. falciparum infections [31,43]. At delivery, placental infection by P. vivax has been confirmed both in cases from America and Asia [35,[45][46][47].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Gestational and Placental Malariamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The widespread use of molecular techniques applied to the diagnosis of gestational or placental malaria has resulted in the discovery of a large gap in positivity between microscopic and molecular diagnosis [35,42]. Health authorities remain to address this problem, particularly for endemic settings where most diagnosis is performed in the field.…”

Section: Significance Of Submicroscopic Parasitaemia In Acquisition Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undergoing studies in India (Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states) and eastern Indonesia showed that PCR detected up to twice as many P. vivax and P. falciparum episodes as malaria smears or rapid diagnostic tests did [44]. In Colombia, diagnosis of submicroscopic infection ranges from around 30% to around 60%, depending on the sensitivity of the molecular test applied [35]. However, the effect of underestimating pregnancy-associated malaria on the acquisition of specific antimalarial immunity remains to be studied.…”

Section: Significance Of Submicroscopic Parasitaemia In Acquisition Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Colombia, molecular studies showed rates of maternal/gestational malaria of 32%, versus 13% by using a microscopy test [35]. In the same region, simultaneous application of blood microscopy and Now ICT malaria Pf/Pv test was conducted in 143 samples of maternal peripheral blood, 133 samples of placental blood and 110 cord blood samples, for a total of 386 samples examined.…”

Section: Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the World health Organization (WHO), gestational malaria is defined as the presence of parasitaemia in placenta or peripheral blood [34], and thick smear examination is the recommended test for diagnosis in endemic sites [35]. In the practice the term pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is used to define either infection or disease by Plasmodium spp.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Gestational and Placental Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research

Maestre

Carmona‐Fonseca

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Women pregnant with their first child are susceptible to severe P. falciparum disease from placental malaria because they lack immunity to placenta-specific cytoadherence proteins. In subsequent pregnancies, as immunity against placental parasites is acquired, there is a reduced risk of adverse effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and asymptomatic parasitaemia is common. In the case of vivax malaria, with increasing reports of severe cases in Asia and South America, the effects of infection by this species during pregnancy remain to be elucidated. This review summarized the main aspects involved in the acquisition of specific antimalarial immune responses during pregnancy with emphasis in research carried out in America and Asia, in order to offer a framework of interpretation for studies on pregnant women with malaria which are recently being produced in these regions. The authors conclude that (1) Effective humoral responses during gestational malaria are mainly directed against variant surface antigens codified by genes of the var2Csa family of P. falciparum; (2) Acquisition of immunity against these variant antigens depends on the degree and intensity of transmission, and the chance increases with age and successive pregnancies; (3) Antibody development is guided by specific cellular immune responses in cases of placental and maternal infection, and (4) The study of the significance of acquisition of specific immunity against both P. falciparum and P. vivax in America, should be performed.

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