Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Iran

Abstract

Background and Aims: Accurate and rapid diagnosis is necessary for effective control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In present study, was evaluated real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay along with diagnostic routine methods for the detection of all seven serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV), namely O, C, A, SAT1, 2, 3 and Asia 1 in biological samples at the reference laboratory for FMD, Iran. Materials and Methods: Two different RT-PCR assays targeting two different regions 5´ untranslated region (5´-UTR) and RNA polymerase (3D) of the FMDV genome were used to confirm the presence of FMDV in epithelial suspensions. Results: In the two methods the viral RNA in all tested archival serotypes of FMDV were detected. Specificity of this reaction was confirmed by the use of swine vesicular disease virus and blue-tongue. The amount of cycle threshold (C T) value of all seven serotypes was different and the lowest and highest of C T value achieved for SAT3, A, O types and SAT2, C types, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that RT-PCR was more sensitive and effective than routine diagnostic methods. Furthermore, RT-PCR as a strong and valuable tool concomitant with diagnostic routine methods facilitate monitoring the fields FMDV strains and suggested that the use of the multiple diagnostic targets could enhance the sensitivity of the molecular methods for the detection of FMDV.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Nineveh Province, Iraq

“…The current study revealed that both tests used in this study were extremely efficient for diagnosing FMD in cattle, and Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences January 2020 | Volume 8 | Issue 1 | Page 7 concurs with the results of Ahmadi et al (2013) and Al-Rodhan and Salem (2014). For the first time four genotypes of FMDV (A, O, Asia-1 and SAT genotypes) were identified in Nineveh province, Iraq with detection rate of 12.39%, 6.95%, 17.39% and 3.69% respectively.…”

“…The seroprevalence of FMD in Middle and South of Iraq was 61.42% using FMD 3ABC Bo Ov ELI-SA test (Abood et al, 2009). Also, Ahmadi et al (2013) who indicated that the occurrences of FMD in Iran were 91.3% and 90.7% using antigen ELISA test and conventional RT-PCR technique respectively. The prevalence in cattle in all Iraqi provinces was 68.7% (Al-Salihi, 2019).…”

“…The seroprevalence of FMD was considerably higher among imported than native animals, and this might be due to the fact that these animals were imported from countries where the disease had been documented, such as Iran (Ahmadi et al, 2013), Syria (OIE, 2015), and Turkey (Aktas et al, 2015). Furthermore, Ramanon, (2016) mentioned that the imported cattle were about three times more likely to be non structural protein (NSP) positive than the local cattle, attributed to household rearing system of imported cattle that improves the spread of the disease and the rearing of crossed breeds in intensive or semi intensive system may increase the likelihood of disease occurrence, while there is free rearing system for the native cattle which lowers the chances of disease occurrence.…”