Diagnosis of dermatophytes: from microscopy to direct PCR

Kidd, Sarah; Weldhagen, Gerhard F.

doi:10.1071/ma22005

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Identified cost as (primary, secondary, tertiary) decision factor Although microscopic examination is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytes, differentiating dermatophyte hyphae/elements from other fungi requires a high scale of experience (Kidd and Weldhagen, 2022). The Candida genera were the most dominant in all hospitals, agreeing with the global estimates of fungal infections (Bongomin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteria and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…All the participating hospitals rely on microscopic examination to diagnose this type of fungal infections, as shown in the results. The microscopic examination of dermatophytes has 90.5% accuracy ( Aboul-Ella et al., 2020 ) Although microscopic examination is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytes, differentiating dermatophyte hyphae/elements from other fungi requires a high scale of experience ( Kidd and Weldhagen, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional investigation of mycological diagnosis challenges in Saudi Arabia

Khateb,

Alkhaibari

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe global incidence of fungal infection has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Fungal diseases threaten both immunocompetent, and immunocompromised patients. The current fungal diagnostics status in Saudi Arabia needs to be evaluated, especially with the increase of the immunosuppressed population. This cross-sectional study investigated the gaps in mycological diagnosis on a national level.Materials and methodsThe call interview questionnaire responses were collected to evaluate the demand for fungal assays, diagnostic methods’ quality, and mycological expertise of laboratory technologists in both public and private medical intuitions. The data were analyzed using (IBM SPSS ® software version 22.0).ResultsA total of 57 hospitals from all Saudi regions participated in the questionnaire; however, only 32% received or processed mycological samples. Most participants were from the Mecca region (25%), Riyadh region (19%), and Eastern region (14%). The top fungal isolates identified were Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and dermatophyte. Fungal investigation is highly requested by intensive care, dermatology, and obstetrics and gynecology units. Most laboratories rely on fungal culture and microscopic examination, which mostly identify Candida to the genus level, and use 37°C incubators for culture (67%). Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) and serological and molecular methods are rarely performed and mostly outsourced. Using accurate identification and AST are the primary factors to improve fungal diagnosis in respect to turnaround time and cost. The three major obstacles identified were availability of facility (47%), reagents and kits (32%), and good training (21%).ConclusionsThe results indicated that fungal diagnosis demand was relatively higher in high-population regions. This study highlighted the gaps in fungal diagnostics reference laboratories to encourage their improvement in Saudi hospitals.

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Section: Diagnostic Criteria and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional investigation of mycological diagnosis challenges in Saudi Arabia

Khateb,

Alkhaibari

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Although this may require special training and advanced equipment, the benefits of utilizing such techniques outweigh this hurdle. Several methods have been used in this regard including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, real-time PCR, DNA microarray, and next-generation sequencing [98]. Currently, studies have shown that the best accuracy can be obtained by using both conventional and molecular techniques [97].…”

Section: Management Prospective and Alternative Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophyte Infections Worldwide: Increase in Incidence and Associated Antifungal Resistance

Kruithoff,

Gamal,

McCormick

et al. 2023

Life

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The increase in incidence of superficial fungal infections combined with the emergence of antifungal resistance represents both a global health challenge and a considerable economic burden. Recently, dermatophytes, the main culprit causing superficial fungal infections, have started to exhibit antifungal resistance. This can be observed in some of the most common species such as Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Importantly, the new subspecies, known as Trichophyton indotineae, has been reported to show high resistance to terbinafine, a first-line treatment for dermatophyte infections. Compounding these issues is the realization that diagnosing the causative infectious agents requires using molecular analysis that goes beyond the conventional macroscopic and microscopic methods. These findings emphasize the importance of conducting antifungal susceptibility testing to select the appropriate antifungal necessary for successful treatment. Implementing these changes may improve clinical practices that combat resistant dermatophyte infections.

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“…Однако в некоторых случаях для видовой идентификации может потребоваться дополнительное изучение биохимических свойств выделенных культур дерматофитов. Поэтому видовая идентификация дерматофитов на основе изучения фенотипических свойств является трудоемким процессом, требующим больших затрат времени и высокой квалификации исследователей [7].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Phylogenetic analysis of dermatophytes isolated from small domestic animals

Smagulova,

Kukhar,

Glotova

et al. 2023

Veterinary Science Today

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Dermatophytoses are diseases of skin and its accessory structures that are widely spread worldwide. They are most commonly caused by fungi of the genera Micro sporum and Trichophyton. The identification of the agent’s species has a great epidemiological significance and is essential for effective therapy. The aim of the study is the identification and phylogenetic analysis of dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation by means of molecular techniques. The fungal isolate species were confirmed by sequencing using two rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primer pairs, and this allowed for their deposition to the GenBank database. Based on the sequencing results, Microsporum canis (12 strains) and Trichophyton benhamiae (2 strains) were identified. The nucleotide sequences were analysed, and phylogenetic trees were constructed, taking into account the results of the dermatophyte identification using two primer pairs. The constructed phylogenetic trees reflecting the relationships of dermatophytes showed that, irrespective of the primer pairs used, the Microsporum and Trichophyton pathogens are in all cases reliably assigned to different clades. The analysis of ITS4F/ITS5R sequence fragment structures enabled the establish- ment of genetic relatedness between the Trichophyton benhamiae strains first isolated from cats in Russia and the Russian strain recovered from a guinea pig. The comparative analysis of the genomes of the Microsporum and Trichophyton fungi and reference strains revealed a relatively low level of intraspecies polymor- phism and point mutations of the sequences. The data analysis demonstrated a high percentage of nucleotide sequence homology, and this allows using the primers for PCR tests intended for dermatophytosis diagnosis in cats and dogs.

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Diagnosis of dermatophytes: from microscopy to direct PCR

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Cross-sectional investigation of mycological diagnosis challenges in Saudi Arabia

Cross-sectional investigation of mycological diagnosis challenges in Saudi Arabia

Dermatophyte Infections Worldwide: Increase in Incidence and Associated Antifungal Resistance

Phylogenetic analysis of dermatophytes isolated from small domestic animals

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