Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator or Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy.

Abstract

IntroductionImplantable cardioverter defibrillators register various types of arrhythmias. Thus they can be exploited to better identify patients with atrial fibrillation episodes and increase the proportion of patients who may benefit from implementation of pharmacological prophylaxis of thromboembolic events, most of which it turns out are asymptomatic.Material and methodsAssessment of the frequency, symptoms and predisposing factors for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation episodes in patients with implanted ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) and CRT-D (cardiac resynchronisation therapy with defibrillator) based on the analysis of intracardiac electrocardiograms (IEGM) records. The study included 174 consecutive outpatient cases with heart failure, sinus rhythm and Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy with Defibrillator. Control visits with analysis of IEGM records occurred every three months. During mean follow-up of 20 months, 901 visits were carried out. 147 patients had at least one year of follow-up.ResultsAtrial fibrillation episodes in the study group occurred in 54 (31.0%) of patients and 71.4% were asymptomatic. Predisposing factors were: history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (37.0% vs 13.3%, p ˂ 0.001), atrioventricular conduction abnormalities (42.6% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.002), intraventricular conduction abnormalities (59.3% vs 40.8%, p = 0.02) and more severe mitral regurgitation (7.4% vs 0.8%, p = 0.04). Chronic renal disease was a risk factor for death in the study group. No stroke occurred during the study.ConclusionsEpisodes of paroxysmal AF in patients with systolic heart failure and implanted cardioverter-defibrillator systems are quite common. The majority of the episodes recorded in the study were asymptomatic.