Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract

IntrOductIOnUrinary tract infections are relatively common problems during pregnancy. The physiologic changes related to pregnancy make healthy women susceptible to complications such as asymptomatic and symptomatic urinary tract infections. The combination of mechanical, hormonal and physiologic changes during pregnancy contributes to significant changes in the urinary tract, which has a profound impact on the acquisition and natural history of bacteriuria during pregnancy [1]. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of AB among pregnant women in a tertiary care set up and analyse the contributory risk factors in these cases like maternal anaemia, preterm labour, history of previous urinary tract infection, low socioeconomic status, grand multiparity, its effects on pregnancy and evaluate the use of a chromogenic agar medium in rapid presumptive identification of commonly associated uropathogens in this clinical condition.

Prevalence and associate risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy with bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital

“…The prevalence of ASB in the study group was 30.5% which is significantly high when compared with findings of Annie Rajaratnam et al (13.2%), Sujatha R et al (7.2%) and on par to findings of Neupane et al (26.5%) and less than findings of Imade et al (45.3%) who reported higher prevalence of ASB in their studies. [6][7][8][9] Variations among these studies may be due to differences in environmental conditions, socioeconomic statuses, social habits of the community and educational level of the patients in the study. In present study the highest prevalence was noticed in the age group of 25 -30 years with 52.46% which coincides with findings of Alghalibi et al (55.62%), Sujatha R et al, (72.72%) but some studies reported a higher prevalence in the age group of 20-25 years.…”

Determination of Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection Among the Pregnant Women with Lower Abdominal Pain

“…A variety of micro organisms can attack the urinary tract and is responsible for the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection [1][2][3][4] . These are the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy accounting to 10% of hospital visits by women 5 .…”

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“…Therefore ASB prevalence differs from setting to setting. E. coli is the most common isolate in ASB as it was also confirmed in a prospective study in Odisha state, India and in Abuja (56.%) [19][20][21][22][23]. CoNS is one of isolated uropathogens [25].…”

“…This prevalence was above the general range of 2% to 10% but fits in the range from 1.9% to 15% being reported [20]. The prevalence in this study was close to 13.2% found in Mangalore, Karnataka in India [21]. Higher prevalence (46.6%, 46.5%) for ASB was found in Bangalor in India, Abakaliki Nigeria and lower prevalence of 12.8% in Abuja [22][23][24].…”

“…The bacteria were more susceptible to gentamycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin but resistant to nitrofurantoin and ampicillin. Nitrofurantoin is a widely recommended antibiotic for ASB treatment in pregnancy and it is associated with 80% cure rate with a 5 to 7 day course [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Suggested first line treatment include amoxil, nitrofurantoin and oral cephalosporins and gentamycin and ceftriaxone for staphylococcus and pseudomonas [30,31].…”