Diagnosis of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor With Spontaneous Rupture

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are uncommon tumors accounting for 1% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. The most common location of GISTs is in the stomach. Commonly, these tumors present incidentally with an increased presence within older patients. Spontaneous rupture of a GIST is a rare presentation of this uncommon tumor. Our case highlights the diagnostic dilemma and imaging that helped diagnose an abnormal presentation of a ruptured GIST in a young patient.

Abdominal Emergencies in Cancer Patients

“…If abdominal haemorrhage is suspected, contrast-enhanced CT is the examination of choice allowing to detect the site of bleeding, its severity, and whether it is arterial or venous. 43 If it is arterial, digital angiography of the visceral arteries may confirm the source and allow the embolization of the bleeding vessel. However, when choosing the CT protocol (monophasic vs biphasic protocol), it should be desirable to know the histological type of cancer.…”

“…Spontaneous bleeding can occur mainly in hypervascular tumours, primarily localized peripherally and/or in subcapsular parenchymal spaces, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and metastasis from melanoma. [43][44][45] Figure 3. Furthermore, patients with hematologic malignancies may present with spontaneous hepatic or splenic rupture.…”

Giant Exophytic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Arising From the Antral Stomach: A Surgical Case Report

“…Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare neoplasms originating from the gastrointestinal tract, with the stomach being one of the primary sites of occurrence [1]. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors have garnered significant attention in the medical community due to their unique clinical and pathological characteristics and advancements in diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approaches [2].…”

EUS diagnosis and rescue of gastrointestinal stromal tumor rupture and massive hemorrhage (with video)

“…[ 2 ] However, tumor rupture significantly increases the risk of surgery and may lead to poor prognosis. [ 3 ] Our team first used EUS-guided histoacryl injection to stop bleeding from GISTs, which not only provided diagnosis of lesions, but also reduced risk for subsequent surgical treatment. Therefore, when there is rupture and bleeding of GISTs, EUS is the recommended diagnostic and treatment method.…”