Diagnosis and treatment of Zoon's vulvitis

Comparative study on topical immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory treatments for plasma cell vulvitis: long‐term efficacy and safety

“…A wide range of therapeutic options have been proposed, often with unsatisfactory results. 1,2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] No comparative trials are available, also due to the rarity of the disease. Moreover, even though PCV is a chronic disease, surprisingly there are currently no consensus guidelines for long-term control of symptoms as the published experiences usually have short follow-up.…”

Successful treatment of intractable vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis via combination therapy with topical tacrolimus and tetracycline

“…Dear Editor, Vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis (VCP) is a rare inflammatory disease that causes erythematous plaques, erosions, ulcers and nodules composed predominantly of plasma cells. 1 VCP has a similar pathogenesis to other mucocutaneous lesions, including Zoon's balanitis on the glans penis and plasma cell cheilitis on the lips. The etiology of VCP remains unclear, but chronic inflammatory cell infiltration on the circumscribed lesion suggests that a non-specific inflammatory response to exogenous agents (e.g.…”

“…3 Reducing inflammation with a topical corticosteroid or tacrolimus is the first choice for symptomatic treatment. 1,2,4 The infiltrating plasma cells comprise mostly immunoglobulin (Ig)G-producing cells, which are suggestive of non-specific polyclonal B-cell stimulation, as in chronic infection. 3 We utilized combination therapy comprising oral tetracycline and topical tacrolimus to strengthen the synergistic effect of the drugs and control inflammation.…”

“…5 Importantly, LIPH mRNA has been shown to be expressed in differentiated layers of the epidermis in human skin. 1 Mutations in PA-PLA 1 a attenuate the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor by TGF-a, 5 which may disrupt epidermal barrier function and further potentiate atopic diathesis.…”

Plasma cell vulvitis: a review of two cases

“…Two cases were managed surgically after being refractory to all treatment modalitities (12). Combination treatment using antibiotics and topical steroids achieved resolution of two cases and a further case after surgical excision (13). In another case series, no significant difference was found between various topical interventions (fusidic acid and topical corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids alone and tacrolimus) (14).…”