Diagnosis and Treatment of Septic Arthritis

Multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from septic arthritis in horses

“…b-lactams (penicillin, cephalosporins), aminoglycosides (Morton 2005), and fluoroquinolones (Haerdi-Landerer et al 2010) are the antimicrobials of choice for intra-articular and/or systemic therapy of equine septic arthritis. In this study, only ceftiofur revealed in vitro sensitivity >70% to all isolates.…”

“…In contrast, high resistance rates (>30%) were registered for penicillin (42.2%), enrofloxacin (33.3%), and amikacin (31.2%). Interestingly, penicillin, enrofloxacin, and amikacin are the antimicrobials of choice in the treatment of equine septic arthritis (Morton 2005, Haerdi-Landerer et al 2010). In addition, 11 (24.4%) isolates presented simultaneous resistance to three or more groups of antimicrobials tested, which is a phenotypic evidence for the presence of isolates harboring genes related to multidrug resistance (Schwarz et al 2010).…”

“…Despite the severity of the clinical cases of septic arthritis, few comprehensive studies have investigated the etiologic complexity of the disease (Schneider et al 2002, Bertone 2003, Morton 2005, Carstanjen et al 2010, as well as the occurrence of multidrug resistance to the most common antimicrobials used in the treatment of the disease. In Brazil, no systemized study has been focused on the main pathogens causing septic arthritis, in large number of equines, or on the investigation of multidrug resistance of the isolates.…”

“…Microbial culture, associated with the in vitro susceptibility tests, increases therapy efficiency (Morton 2005, Taylor et al 2010.…”

“…Different antimicrobial drugs are used to treat septic arthritis, as monotherapy or in association, via intra-articular and/or parenteral injection (Haerdi-Landerer et al 2010, Beccati et al 2015, including b-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, rapamycin, and amphenicols (Morton 2005, Giguère et al 2010, Hall et al 2012. Broad spectrum antimicrobials and those that reach high intra-articular concentrations should be preferred (Schneider et al 2002, Haerdi-Landerer et al 2010.…”