Diagnosis and treatment of Q fever: attempts to clarify current problems in Japan

Watanabe, Akira

doi:10.1007/s10156-007-0566-z

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Human-to-human transmission does not usually occur [49, 107] although it has been described following contact with parturient women [108, 109]. In addition, cases of sexual transmission of Q fever have been reported [110–112].…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Q fever is therefore considerably underdiagnosed and underreported [177]. After an incubation period of 1 to 3 weeks [33, 107], Q fever can cause either an acute or a chronic disease. Size of the inoculum, geographical area, route, and time of infection, as well as host factors influence the duration of the incubation period [15, 178, 179] and may contribute to the clinical expression of acute or chronic infection [20, 127].…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is uncommon in Australia and some parts of Russia, whereas in North America and Europe it is the major manifestation of infection [93, 96]. Pneumonia is typically mild, but progression to acute distress syndrome can occur [107, 180, 181]. Endocarditis can exceptionally be associated with acute infection in 0.76% of cases [182, 183].…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rate of acute Q fever is estimated at 1 to 2% [107, 114, 189]. Myocarditis, occurring in less than 1% of cases, is the first cause of death [190].…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pregnant women, chronic Q fever can lead to spontaneous abortions in future pregnancies [109, 117, 199]. The prognosis of chronic infections is less favorable than for acute infections [107]. Antibiotic treatment is less effective, and the disease is usually long with mortality rates that can reach more than 50% [107].…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Q Fever: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives of Research of a Neglected Zoonosis

Porter

Czaplicki²,

Mainil

et al. 2011

International Journal of Microbiology

191

201

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Q fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by an resistant intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. In certain areas, Q fever can be a severe public health problem, and awareness of the disease must be promoted worldwide. Nevertheless, knowledge of Coxiella burnetii remains limited to this day. Its resistant (intracellular and environmental) and infectious properties have been poorly investigated. Further understanding of the interactions between the infected host and the bacteria is necessary. Domestic ruminants are considered as the main reservoir of bacteria. Infected animals shed highly infectious organisms in milk, feces, urine, vaginal mucus, and, very importantly, birth products. Inhalation is the main route of infection. Frequently asymptomatic in humans and animals, Q fever can cause acute or chronic infections. Financial consequences of infection can be dramatic at herd level. Vaccination with inactive whole-cell bacteria has been performed and proved effective in humans and animals. However, inactive whole-cell vaccines present several defects. Recombinant vaccines have been developed in experimental conditions and have great potential for the future. Q fever is a challenging disease for scientists as significant further investigations are necessary. Great research opportunities are available to reach a better understanding and thus a better prevention and control of the infection.

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Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rate of acute Q fever is estimated at 1 to 2% [107, 114, 189]. Myocarditis, occurring in less than 1% of cases, is the first cause of death [190].…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Q Fever: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives of Research of a Neglected Zoonosis

Porter

Czaplicki²,

Mainil

et al. 2011

International Journal of Microbiology

191

201

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Risk factor analysis for antibodies to Brucella, Leptospira and C. burnetii among cattle in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

Mazeri

Scolamacchia

Handel

et al. 2012

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Brucellosis, leptospirosis and Q fever are important livestock diseases, commonly responsible for significant production losses, yet their epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown. Animal reservoirs pose the main risk of transmission to humans, where serious disease can occur. In the developing world setting, the flu-like symptoms of the acute stages of these diseases can be misdiagnosed as malaria, which can result in the administration of the wrong treatment, prolonged disease and increase in antibiotic resistance. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models in this study revealed potential risk factors associated with the aforementioned pathogens in cattle in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon, with wildlife, namely, buffaloes, playing a major role in both Brucella and Coxiella burnetii seropositivity. Cattle mixing with other herds at night and cattle grazing in an area on a route taken by herds on transhumance appear to be positively associated with Leptospira seropositivity, while female cows and whether buffaloes are seen during grazing or transhumance are positively associated with C. burnetii seropositivity. On the other hand, animals that have been on transhumance in the past year and animals belonging to herdsmen of the Fulbe ethnic group appear to be protected against Leptospira and C. burnetii, respectively. Cattle of more than 2 years old appear to have increased odds of being seropositive to either pathogen. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and improve the knowledge of the epidemiology of these three pathogens in Africa, taking particular consideration of the wildlife involvement in the disease transmission.

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Ticks and their epidemiological role in Slovakia: from the past till present

et al. 2021

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In Slovakia, 22 tick species have been found to occur to date. Among them, Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus and marginally Haemaphysalis concinna, H. inermis and H. punctata have been identified as the species of public health relevance. Ticks in Slovakia were found to harbour and transmit zoonotic and/or potentially zoonotic agents such as tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV), spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, the relapsing fever sprirochaete Borrelia miyamotoi, bacteria belonging to the orders Rickettsiales (Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis), Legionellales (Coxiella burnetii), and Thiotrichales (Francisella tularensis), and Babesia spp. parasites (order Piroplasmida). Ixodes ricinus is the principal vector of the largest variety of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria and piroplasms. TBEV, B. burgdorferi s.l., rickettsiae of the spotted fever group, C. burnetii and F. tularensis have been found to cause serious diseases in humans, whereas B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, N. mikurensis, Babesia microti, and B. venatorum pose lower or potential risk to humans. Distribution of TBEV has a focal character. During the last few decades, new tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci and their spread to new areas have been registered and TBE incidence rates have increased. Moreover, Slovakia reports the highest rates of alimentary TBE infections among the European countries. Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes are spread throughout the distribution range of I. ricinus. Incidence rates of LB have shown a slightly increasing trend since 2010. Only a few sporadic cases of human rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and babesiosis have been confirmed thus far in Slovakia. The latest large outbreaks of Q fever and tularaemia were recorded in 1993 and 1967, respectively. Since then, a few human cases of Q fever have been reported almost each year. Changes in the epidemiological characteristics and clinical forms of tularaemia have been observed during the last few decades. Global changes and development of modern molecular tools led to the discovery and identification of emerging or new tick-borne microorganisms and symbionts with unknown zoonotic potential. In this review, we provide a historical overview of research on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Slovakia with the most important milestones and recent findings, and outline future directions in the investigation of ticks as ectoparasites and vectors of zoonotic agents and in the study of tick-borne diseases.Keywords Tick-borne pathogens . Tick-borne encephalitis virus . Borrelia . Anaplasma . Rickettsia . Coxiella burnetii . Francisella tularensis . Babesia

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Diagnosis and treatment of Q fever: attempts to clarify current problems in Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Q Fever: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives of Research of a Neglected Zoonosis

Q Fever: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives of Research of a Neglected Zoonosis

Risk factor analysis for antibodies to Brucella, Leptospira and C. burnetii among cattle in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

Ticks and their epidemiological role in Slovakia: from the past till present

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