Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Rychel, Jessica K.

doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2009.10.005

Cited by 129 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In most species, they are very effective in acute and chronic pains. For example, NSAIDs are often the first drugs used for treatment of pain caused by osteoarthritis in veterinary medicine [20]. In the analgesic study of cats, the effect of flunixin-meglumine (FNX) has been reported in 40 cats undergoing a variety of surgical procedures [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and Adverse Effects of Flunixin-Meglumine in Adult and Young Cats

Takata

Hikasa

Satoh

2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In this study, we elucidated the difference in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sensitivities between young and adult cats on therapeutic and adverse effects. In the prevention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperthermia using flunixin-meglumine, young (<3 months old) and adult (>12 months old) cats of both sexes were given LPS (0.3 g/kg, i.v.), and body temperature was measured 24 hr later. Flunixin (1 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered 30 min before the LPS injection. LPS-induced hyperthermia was almost completely inhibited by pre-treatment with flunixin in both adult and young cats. In addition, flunixin showed almost the same antipyretic effects in both young and adult cats. The animals were administered flunixin (1 mg/kg, s.c.) once a day for 3 days, and sacrificed 24 hr later to examine the gastrointestinal mucosal lesions. In adult cats, flunixin caused many severe lesions in the small intestine. In contrast, very few gastrointestinal lesions were produced by flunixin in young cats. In the pharmacokinetics of flunixin, plasma concentrations of flunixin were analysed using a high performance liquid chromatography. There were no significant differences in plasma concentration of flunixin between young and adult cats from 0.5 to 4 hr after the injection. These results demonstrated that NSAIDs could be used more safely in young than in adult cats from the points of gastrointestinal adverse effects. Furthermore, this difference in gastrointestinal lesions between adult and young cats was not related with the plasma concentration of flunixin.KEY WORDS: flunixin-megulumine, gastrointestinal effect, lipopolysaccharide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, pharmacokinetics.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 73(12): 1591-1596, 2011 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used analgesics in veterinary and human medicine. In most species, they are very effective in acute and chronic pains. For example, NSAIDs are often the first drugs used for treatment of pain caused by osteoarthritis in veterinary medicine [20]. In the analgesic study of cats, the effect of flunixin-meglumine (FNX) has been reported in 40 cats undergoing a variety of surgical procedures [9]. It is also well known that NSAIDs cause some adverse effects such as gastrointestinal side-effects in the veterinary medicine. In rats, many kind of NSAIDs have been reported to cause gastrointestinal lesions because of the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis even new NSAIDs [1]. However, the data on the usage of NSAIDs in cats are less complete than in dogs and, to date, there are no published data about gastrointestinal side-effects in cats.Most NSAIDs are cleared from the body through hepatic metabolism comprising primarily glucuronidation followed by excretion of the resultant polar metabolites via bile and/ or urine. Flunixin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes enterohepatic circulation, resulting in a bioavailability of >100% in dogs and cats [16]. At least, two other active transport pathways are invol...

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confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and Adverse Effects of Flunixin-Meglumine in Adult and Young Cats

Takata

Hikasa

Satoh

2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In a clinical setting, veterinarians make a diagnosis of OA in dogs based upon physical examination and radiographic evidence [2,13,16,20,29,30]. CT scan and/or MRI findings reveal changes of the joint and cartilage degeneration, which are consistent with OA, but are limited to humans and experimental studies [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the management of OA in dogs is usually aimed at minimizing joint pain by reducing inflammation, slowing the progression of cartilage degeneration and improving cartilage repair, thereby increasing the joint's flexibility and quality of life of the animal [17,20,29,34,35]. Currently, veterinarians have many options for managing the signs and symptoms of OA, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, nutrition, surgery, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy, physical therapy, and acupuncture [9,15,29,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells in damaged joints release cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), followed by stimulation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phospholipase 2A, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and platelet activating factor (PAF). These cascading events and many others cause inflammation, subchondral bone thickening, breakdown of proteoglycans and destruction of cartilage [19,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, veterinarians have many options for managing the signs and symptoms of OA, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, nutrition, surgery, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy, physical therapy, and acupuncture [9,15,29,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. To alleviate OA associated inflammation and pain, veterinarians often use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as carprofen (Rimadyl), meloxicam (Metacam), firocoxib (Previcox), etc., [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Terminalia chebula Extract for Anti-Arthritic Efficacy and Safety in Osteoarthritic Dogs

Murdock¹,

Vega³

et al. 2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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The present investigation was undertaken to assess anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic efficacy and safety of T. chebula extract (TCE) in moderately osteoarthritic (OA) dogs. Dogs with OA received either 500 mg placebo or 500 mg TCE twice daily for 150 days. On a monthly basis, dogs were given a full physical exam and were evaluated for arthritic pain (overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation, and pain after physical exertion), inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR), and analysis of complete blood count (CBC) and serum biomarkers of liver (bilirubin, ALT, and AST), kidney (BUN and creatinine), and heart and skeletal muscle (CK) functions. Elbow and stifle joints were radiographed on day 0 and day 150 for evaluation of arthritic progression. Dogs given TCE showed significant (P<0.01) reductions in overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation, and pain after physical exertion by day 90, with maximum effects on day 150 (81.2%, 81.5%, and 84.2%, respectively). A marked reduction in ESR coincided with pain reduction in TCE-treated dogs, which was indicative of anti-inflammatory effect of TCE. Radiographic evidence also indicated slowed progression of OA in joints examined. No significant change occurred in physical parameters, CBC parameters, or serum biomarkers in dogs on placebo or treatment, which suggested that TCE was well tolerated. It can be concluded that TCE, by having many active principles (chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, corilagin, hydrolysable tannoids, etc.) might have provided antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in dogs without causing any side effects.

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Treatment of Chronic Pain in Dogs

Hielm‐Björkman¹

2013

Pain Management in Veterinary Practice

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Cited by 129 publications

References 26 publications

Therapeutic and Adverse Effects of Flunixin-Meglumine in Adult and Young Cats

Therapeutic and Adverse Effects of Flunixin-Meglumine in Adult and Young Cats

Evaluation of Terminalia chebula Extract for Anti-Arthritic Efficacy and Safety in Osteoarthritic Dogs

Treatment of Chronic Pain in Dogs

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