Diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Jang, Jong Geol; Chung, Jin Hong

doi:10.12701/yujm.2020.00626

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Clofazimine is an antibiotic used to treat leprosy [ 111 ] and drug-resistant tuberculosis [ 112 ]. In 2016, Tuvshintulga et al reported that clofazimine has potent antibabesial effect, following its evaluation in B. microti -infected Balb/c mice.…”

Section: Novel Therapies Under Investigation For the Treatment Of Human Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Human Babesiosis: Then and Now

Renard

Mamoun

2021

Pathogens

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Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia. With its increasing incidence worldwide and the risk of human-to-human transmission through blood transfusion, babesiosis is becoming a rising public health concern. The current arsenal for the treatment of human babesiosis is limited and consists of combinations of atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine. These combination therapies were not designed based on biological criteria unique to Babesia parasites, but were rather repurposed based on their well-established efficacy against other apicomplexan parasites. However, these compounds are associated with mild or severe adverse events and a rapid emergence of drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies that are specifically tailored to Babesia parasites. Herein, we review ongoing babesiosis therapeutic and management strategies and their limitations, and further review current efforts to develop new, effective, and safer therapies for the treatment of this disease.

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Section: Novel Therapies Under Investigation For the Treatment Of Human Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Human Babesiosis: Then and Now

Renard

Mamoun

2021

Pathogens

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“…If the isolate shows resistance to any of these drugs, then additions from group C can be used (ethambutol, delamanid, pyrazinamide, imipenem-cilastarin or meropenem, amikacin or streptomycin, ethionamide or prothionamide and para -aminosalicylic acid). Much like the treatment regimen, the duration can vary from patient to patient, taking up to 20 months in some cases [ 26 ].…”

Section: Tuberculosis: a Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Tubercular Leads: A Concise Review

et al. 2021

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Despite being considered a public health emergency for the last 25 years, tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases, responsible for over a million deaths every year. The length and toxicity of available treatments and the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis renders standard regimens increasingly inefficient and emphasizes the urgency to develop new approaches that are not only cost- and time-effective but also less toxic. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are small cationic and amphipathic molecules that play a vital role in the host immune system by acting as a first barrier against invading pathogens. The broad spectrum of properties that peptides possess make them one of the best possible alternatives for a new “post-antibiotic” era. In this context, research into AMP as potential anti-tubercular agents has been driven by the increasing danger revolving around the emergence of extremely-resistant strains, the innate resistance that mycobacteria possess and the low compliance of patients towards the toxic anti-TB treatments. In this review, we will focus on AMP from various sources, such as animal, non-animal and synthetic, with reported inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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“…About one fourth of population (10 million people) in the world is suffering from this disease, with death rates of 1.4 million people in 2019 (World Health Organization 2020). The emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB), described as resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, as the two most commonly applied powerful first-line anti-TB drugs, is also a major public health threat worldwide (Lange et al 2019) (Jang and Chung 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenotypic DST method is the gold standard for detection of drug resistance but this takes 2-3 months to yield results and also increases the risk of bacterial contamination and cross infection by non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. To shorten the turnaround time, rapid molecular diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods were selected in this study (Genestet et al 2020;Li et al 2020;Jang and Chung 2020). The distribution of drug-resistant genes varies according to geographical locations and identifying the mutation patterns of MDR-TB is important to optimize the treatment protocol (Jaksuwan et al 2017) (Seifert et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel mutations detected from drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from North East of Thailand

Thwe

Namwat

Pinlaor

et al. 2021

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global public health threat. Thailand is one of the top 14 countries with high tuberculosis, tuberculosis co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis rates. Immediate detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis is necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity by effectively providing treatment to ameliorate the formation of resistant strains. Limited data exist of mutation profiles in Northeastern Thailand. Here, 65 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were used to detect mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. In the katG gene, mutations occurred in 47(79.7%) among 59 isoniazid resistant samples. For rpoB gene, 31 (96.9%) were observed as mutations in 32 rifampicin resistant isolates. Of 47 katG mutation samples, 45 (95.7%) had mutations in katG315 codon and 2 (4.3%) showed novel mutations at katG365 with amino acid substitution of CCG-CGG (Pro-Arg). Moreover, 18 (58.1%) mutations at rpoB531, 11 (35.5%) mutations at rpoB516, 10 (32.3%) mutations at rpoB526 and 1 (3.2%) mutation at rpoB533 were found between 31 rifampicin resistant samples. Common and novel mutations of the rpoB and katG genes in Northeastern Thailand were generated. DNA sequencing showed high accuracy, while conventional polymerase chain reaction could be applied as an initial marker for screening rifampicin and isoniazid drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northeastern Thailand. Mutations reported here should be considered when developing new molecular diagnostic methods for implementation in Northeastern Thailand.

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Diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Cited by 74 publications

References 43 publications

Treatment of Human Babesiosis: Then and Now

Treatment of Human Babesiosis: Then and Now

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Tubercular Leads: A Concise Review

Novel mutations detected from drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from North East of Thailand

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