Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Abstract

4. Prophylaxis of disseminated M. avium complex disease. Prophylaxis should be given to adults with AIDS with CD4 counts Ͻ 50 cells, especially with a history of a prior opportunistic infection. Rifabutin 300 mg/d, clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, azithromycin 1,200 mg once weekly, and azithromycin 1,200 mg once weekly plus rifabutin 300 mg daily are all proven effective regimens. 5. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria cervical lymphadenitis. Nontuberculous mycobacteria cervical lymphadenitis is still treated primarily by surgical excision alone, with a 95% cure rate. A clarithromycin-containing regimen should be considered for patients with extensive disease or a poor response to surgery. 6. Treatment of nonpulmonary rapidly growing mycobacteria. Therapy of nonpulmonary disease caused by M. fortuitum, M. abscessus , and M. chelonae should include drugs such as amikacin and clarithromycin, based on in vitro susceptibility tests.

Epidemiology and Clinical Significance of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Patients Negative for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Switzerland

“…The designation atypi-cal is still one of the most common, but it is actually a misnomer because these organisms are typical for the genus Mycobacterium when analyzed microbiologically. In agreement with the editor of the American ReviewofRespiratoryDisease [4] and the official statement of the American Thoracic Society [5], we shall resort to the more neutral term of nontuberculousmycobacteria. For disease due to NTM, we propose to adopt the term mycobacteriosis as used by Runyon [6] and reemphasized by the editor ofthe AmericanReviewofRespiratory Disease [4].…”

“…Cultures of six specimens failed to yield growth in subcultures. From the 20 remaining positive specimens, 26 different strains were detected: M. simiae (14), MAC (5), M. gordonae (5), and M. malmoense (2). Six cultures revealed two different species.…”

“Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Single Surgeon’s Experience in some of the Teaching Hospitals of West Bengal”

“…The only method of obtaining microbiological evidence is through tissue culture from the wall of the cavity. Treatment consists of combinations of second-line antitubercular drugs with macrolides (clarithromycin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin), second-generation tetracyclines (doxycycline), and aminoglycosides (amikacin) [29].…”

Mycobacterium avium restriction fragment lenght polymorphism-IS IS1245 and the simple double repetitive element polymerase chain reaction typing method to screen genetic diversity in Brazilian strains

“…Despite similar results have been observed for patient 11 polyclonal infection could not be characterized. Human NTM infection is defined by a minimum criteria such as: (a) repeated isolates of the same strains from natural clinical specimen from sterile site with moderate to intense in vitro culture growth; (b) clinical evolution of active disease; and (c) exclusion of other pathogenic agent (Wallace et al 1990). Contrarily to patient 3, patient 11 did not fulfill these criteria.…”