Diagnosis and therapy of retained fetal membranes, puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis in cattle: Results of the Online-survey among Swiss practitioners. II Puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis

Abstract

The aim of the study was to obtain the diagnostic and therapeutic approach among Swiss practitioners in cows with puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis (part 2). All members of the Association for ruminant health were contacted per email via the newsletter. The survey was completed by 128 veterinarians, partially responded by 140 veterinarians. The following main symptoms of puerperal metritis were stated by the practitioners: purulent vaginal discharge, fever and reduced appetite. A vaginal and rectal examination was performed to diagnose the disease. Usually, an intrauterine treatment with tetracycline or cefapirin was done. Parenteral administration of tetracycline or penicillin was often combined with PGF(2α), NSAIDS or cortisone. Clinical endometritis was also diagnosed by vaginal and rectal examination and the main symptom indicated was purulent vaginal discharge. The therapy consisted of the administration of PGF(2α), uterine infusions predominantly with cefapirin, and rarely with parenteral administration of antibiotics. Further diagnostic tools were not used and normally cows were not rechecked. The success of the therapy of puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis was judged to be satisfactory to excellent.

Methods of diagnosis and treatment of postpartum uterine infection adopted by Algerian veterinarians

“…In our study, the majority of Algerian veterinarians used systemic antibiotics for PM. A similar result was observed for Swiss practitioners [22]. In the current survey, practitioners used penicillins most often, followed by tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides.…”

“…Inseminators and veterinarians monitoring more than 50 bovine farms used more IU cephalosporin. In a similar survey in Switzerland [22], the results revealed that more than 90% of veterinarians performed intrauterine therapy using tetracycline and cephalosporin, but not penicillinstreptomycin. Many studies showed beneficial effects of IU use of oxytetracycline at high doses [9], but other studies reported the noneffectiveness [13].…”

“…Concerning nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs, the Algerian veterinarians, like those of Switzerland [22], frequently use them in association with antibiotics. The use of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs in cases of PM may be explained by the presence of fever.…”

“…However, little is known about the state of PM and CE and their management in field conditions. To our knowledge, the study of Hehenberger et al [22] in Switzerland was the only survey that was carried out to determine practices of veterinarians in the field in dealing with PM and CE.…”

Mechanism of retained placenta and its treatment by plant medicine in ruminant animals in Oromia, Ethiopia

“…Therefore, the main case for retained placenta is the failure of uterine contraction which contributes to the detachment of cotyledons from maternal caruncles, and the lack of damage to fetal villi in normally expelled membrane which is not purely mechanical (Laven and Peters, 1996). Weakness of contraction of myometrium, lesion of cotyledon, edema of villus, heparin released by mast cells and the deficiency of trace minerals are involved in the retained placenta (Hehenberger et al, 2015). In general, it is suggested that the placenta can be retained in uterus of animal due to lack of uterine contraction and inflammatory disorder which accumulate the arachidonic in placental tissue, also if the collagen which connects the caruncle to cotyledon is unable to breakdown; this causes the persistence attachment of fetal membrane in uterus of animals.…”