Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescent Girls

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in adolescent girls having both reproductive and metabolic implications. Patients with PCOS typically present to their pediatrician for evaluation of menstrual irregularity and/or signs of hyperandrogenism, such as hirsutism and acne. The diagnosis of PCOS is made by clinical symptoms and laboratory evaluation. Because of the long-term health consequences that can accompany the disorder, pediatricians should consider PCOS in their initial evaluation of menstrual irregularity. Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of treatment for girls with PCOS, however hormonal medication such as oral contraceptive pills and insulin sensitizing agents are useful and effective adjuncts to therapy. The goals of treatment for girls with PCOS are to improve clinical manifestations of the disorder, health-related quality of life, and long-term health outcomes.

Physical therapy protocol for obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a within-subject design

“…Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a complex heterogeneous disorder that commonly manifests during adolescence. Early detection and management of this syndrome are crucial to prevent its long-term negative consequences on the reproductive and metabolic systems [20]. However, little is known about the effect of lifestyle interventions on obese adolescent girls with PCOS.…”

Polycystic ovary syndrome: controversies and challenges

“…So this condition is very important. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is known that PCOS is not characterized by the association of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation only, but also involves disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, with a focus on insulin resistance and increased risk of developing diabetes. The latter is higher with increases in weight and ultimately the appearance of obesity, leading to dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and increased possibility of malignancies such as endometrial carcinoma.…”

“…The latter is higher with increases in weight and ultimately the appearance of obesity, leading to dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and increased possibility of malignancies such as endometrial carcinoma. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Although the description of the clinical picture had been reported in the literature before the twentieth century, this syndrome was recognized by the work of two American surgeons, Stein e Leventhal, in 1935. 1 Since then, several publications have been made looking for a single agent to justify PCOS.…”

“…1 Since then, several publications have been made looking for a single agent to justify PCOS. [2][3][4][5] However, the interaction between genetic, environmental, behavioral and psychological factors is, to date, the best way to understand this condition and its various phenotypes.…”

“…Depending on the habits (sedentary lifestyle and poor diet), there could be worsened hyperinsulinemia and early pubarche, a clinical sign suggestive of greater chances of developing PCOS. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Other important factors are heredity (mothers with PCOS) and genetics. There are several genes that can serve as biomarkers, including GTF2A1L and LHCGR (plays a crucial role in luteinizing hormone [LH] receptors).…”