Diagnosis and management of nitrobenzene poisoning in a low-resource setting: A case report

Ramtel, Rupesh; Adhikari, Bibhuti; Shrestha, Mijjal; Hirachan, Niroj; Poddar, Elisha; Shrestha, Suraj

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104553

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, the level of methemoglobin in our patient can be correlated to about 10%-20% from the abovementioned table while taking into account his clinical picture. However, the fatal dose of nitrobenzene reported by the literature ranges from 1 to 10 g. 8 Methemoglobin levels between 40% and 50% of total hemoglobin induce the central nervous system and cardiovascular system to be profoundly depressed. 4 The transition from aerobic to anaerobic respiration lingers exponentially at this level of methemoglobinemia, which manifests as stupor, arrhythmias, hypotension, respiratory depression, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and transaminitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical symptoms are rated based on methemoglobin levels, which is depicted by the table presented below 8,9 Methemoglobin concentration Clinical picture<1.5 g/dL (<10%)No symptoms1.5–3.0 g/dL (10%–20%)Cyanosis3.0–4.5 g/dL (20%–30%)Anxiety, lightheadedness, headache, and tachycardia4.5–7.5 g/dL (30%–50%)Fatigue, disorientation, tachypnea, increased tachycardia, and increased lactate7.5–10.5 g/dL (50%–70%)Seizures, arrhythmias, coma, and lactic acidosis>10.5 mg/dL (>70%)Death…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acquired methemoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: An unusual acquaintance

Bhatta,

Awasthi

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageNitrobenzene poisoning is a rare yet life‐threatening contention. The ensuing acute methemoglobinemia has a high fatality rate, hence early prompt intervention is required. Methylene blue (intravenous or oral) and ascorbic acid are the cornerstones of management. They must be administered to suspected patients without tardiness.AbstractAn aromatic organic chemical used in paints and the printing industry is nitrobenzene. Its poisoning causes potentially fatal methemoglobinemia. One aspect of its management involves reducing the iron moiety from its ferric to ferrous form by administering intravenous methylene blue. A 23‐year‐old man who had deliberately consumed nitrobenzene presented to us with a history of headache and vomiting. He was diagnosed to have methemoglobinemia on the basis of clinical grounds and was managed successfully with intravenous methylene blue and vitamin C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired methemoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: An unusual acquaintance

Bhatta,

Awasthi

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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“…Nitrobenzene is an oxidizing nitrite compound ( 5 ) that can cause human poisoning when 35 mg/kg is absorbed. The skin absorbs nitrobenzene at 2 mg/(cm 2 ⋅h) rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Methemoglobinemia caused by nitrobenzene poisoning

Zhao

Jian²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Nitrobenzene poisoning is uncommon, with most cases occurring in the dye, paint, and other chemical industries. Nitrobenzene enters the body mainly through the skin, respiratory tract, and oral cavity. Nitrobenzene poisoning symptoms include hypermethemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and toxic encephalopathy, which endanger people’s lives. Therefore, we present a case of nitrobenzene poisoning caused by skin absorption, focusing on its clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. A 58 years-old man presented to our department with confusion and cyanosis. He has a history of hypertension and cerebral infarction. The patient was diagnosed with moderate occupational acute benzene poisoning with nitro compounds. Symptomatic support, methylene blue, and other antioxidant treatments were commenced after diagnosis. After treatment, the patient’s condition gradually improved, and he was discharged.

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“…[2,3] Acute NB ingestion causes methemoglobinemia that appears when the hemoglobin iron is in the oxidized ferric (Fe 3 + ) state rather than the normal ferrous (Fe 2 + ) state, thereby reducing the oxygen transport capacity of hemoglobin. [4][5][6] In view of the toxicity concerns and health risks, sensing platforms for the detection of NB are highly soughtafter. Several methods viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been designated as a “Group B2: Probable Human Carcinogen” (“sufficient” animal evidence, “inadequate evidence” or “no data” for humans), based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986) [2,3] . Acute NB ingestion causes methemoglobinemia that appears when the hemoglobin iron is in the oxidized ferric (Fe 3+ ) state rather than the normal ferrous (Fe 2+ ) state, thereby reducing the oxygen transport capacity of hemoglobin [4–6] . In view of the toxicity concerns and health risks, sensing platforms for the detection of NB are highly sought‐after.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five Novel Silver‐Based Coordination Polymers as Photoluminescent Sensing Platforms for the Detection of Nitrobenzene

Sekine

Sakai

Horita

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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Nitrobenzene (NB) is a highly toxic chemical and a cause for concern to human health and the environment. Hence, it is worth designing new efficient and robust sensing platforms for NB. In this study, we present three newly synthesized luminescent silver cluster-based coordination polymers, {[Ag 10 (StBu) 6 (CF 3 COO) 4 ( hpbtand {[Ag 12 (StBu) 6 (CF 3 COO) 6 (bpb)(DMAc) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (DMAc) 2 } n (bpb = 1,4-Bis(4-pyridyl)benzene) composed of Ag 10 , Ag 12 and Ag 12 cluster cores, respectively, connected by multidentate pyridine linkers. In addition, two new luminescent polymorphic silver(I)-based coordination polymers, [Ag-(CF 3 COO)(dpa)] n (dpa = 9,10-di(4-pyridyl)anthracene) referred to as Agdpa (H) and Agdpa (R), where H and R denote hexagon-and rod-like crystal shapes, respectively, have been prepared. The coordination polymers exhibit highly sensitive luminescence quenching effects to NB, attributed to the π À π stacking interactions between the polymers and NB as well as the electron-withdrawing character of NB.

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Diagnosis and management of nitrobenzene poisoning in a low-resource setting: A case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Acquired methemoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: An unusual acquaintance

Acquired methemoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: An unusual acquaintance

Case report: Methemoglobinemia caused by nitrobenzene poisoning

Five Novel Silver‐Based Coordination Polymers as Photoluminescent Sensing Platforms for the Detection of Nitrobenzene

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