Diagnosis and management of mesothelioma

Liou, Douglas Z.; Berry, Mark F.

doi:10.21037/amj.2018.09.11

Cited by 4 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The incidence of MPM increases with age and in the United States has a median age of 62 years at diagnosis. Epithelioid histologic subtypes of MPM are the most common and least aggressive, followed by biphasic and sarcomatoid subtypes [1]. Biomarkers in epithelioid and biphasic MPM have been discovered that may help to predict outcome or disease recurrence after surgical resection [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitors of the Transcription Factor STAT3 Decrease Growth and Induce Immune Response Genes in Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM)

Lapidot

Case

Larios

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer defined by loss-of-function mutations with few therapeutic options. We examined the contribution of the transcription factor Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to cell growth and gene expression in preclinical models of MPM. STAT3 is activated in a variety of tumors and is thought to be required for the maintenance of cancer stem cells. Targeting STAT3 using specific small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or with the pharmacologic inhibitors atovaquone or pyrimethamine efficiently reduced cell growth in established cell lines and primary-derived lines while showing minimal effects in nontransformed LP9 mesothelial cells. Moreover, atovaquone significantly reduced viability and tumor growth in microfluidic cultures of primary MPM as well as in an in vivo xenotransplant model. Biological changes were linked to modulation of gene expression associated with STAT3 signaling, including cell cycle progression and altered p53 response. Reflecting the role of STAT3 in inducing localized immune suppression, using both atovaquone and pyrimethamine resulted in the modulation of immunoregulatory genes predicted to enhance an immune response, including upregulation of ICOSLG (Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand or B7H2). Thus, our data strongly support a role for STAT3 inhibitors as anti-MPM therapeutics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitors of the Transcription Factor STAT3 Decrease Growth and Induce Immune Response Genes in Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM)

Lapidot

Case

Larios

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…Consequently, diagnosis occurs at advanced stages when cures are difficult and rare. Mechanisms, pathogenesis, and management of MM are still unfocused, but translational research is showing promise. − , Among newly identified markers and potential therapeutic targets, circulating microRNAs and the Notch pathway have shown potential for early detection of tumors and response assessment. , High-throughput analyses have uncovered key genomic and epigenomic alterations driving MM. These molecular features have the potential to inform our understanding of MM as well as improve disease diagnosis and patient prognosis .…”

Section: Asbestos-related Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Asbestos and Zeolites: from A to Z via a Common Ion

Reid

Klebe

Zandwijk

et al. 2021

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Asbestos and zeolites are silicate-based minerals, linked inextricably via paradoxical similarities and differences which have emanated from different geological epochs. Both have been employed in the service of humanity through millennia: asbestos, for its “inextinguishable” quality of being an insulator against heat and fire; zeolite, a “boiling stone” with its volcanic and marine sedimentary rock origins, for its propensity to adsorb water and remove metals and toxins. Serious adverse health effects observed in asbestos miners as long ago as the 1st Century AD did not halt the rising popularity of asbestos. As the miracle material of the 1900s, asbestos production and consumption exploded, culminating in its ubiquity in ships, vehicles, homes, commercial buildings, and over 3000 different industrial and household products. Through the 1940s and 1950s, epidemiological studies concluded that asbestos was a likely cause of asbestosis, lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma, and it is now banned in many but far from all countries. The long latency between exposure to asbestos and the occurrence of cancer has obscured the deadly consequences of asbestos exposure for centuries. Even today, a considerable part of the world population is insufficiently aware of the dangers of asbestos, and millions of tons of this carcinogen continue to be mined and used worldwide. Zeolites, both natural and synthetic, are microporous aluminosilicate minerals commonly used in a myriad of processes, in the petrochemical industry, in domestic appliances and cleaning agents, as commercial adsorbents and exchangers for toxins and pollutants, and as catalysts. Zeolites are found in agriculture, veterinary science, and human health. More recently, new materials such as carbon nanotubes are being employed in materials requiring durability and thermal and electrical conductivity, yet nanotubes are now joining the ranks of more established particulates such as asbestos and silica, in causing human disease. In this review, we compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these two groups of silicate minerals and their waxing and waning use in the employ of humanity.

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“…An ultrasound should be used for confirmation of ascites. Ultrasound also is useful in identifying cirrhosis by evaluating the liver texture, contour, and size, as well as portal vein diameter (indicated by a measurement greater than 12 mm) 4. Recanalization of the umbilical vein and biphasic or reverse flow in the portal vein can be seen on ultrasound in late stages of the disease 7.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No clear guideline exists for initiating diuretic monotherapy with spironolactone only, or with polytherapy using spironolactone and furosemide 3. Spironolactone is a more effective diuretic than furosemide in patients with cirrhosis 4. However, spironolactone can cause hypernatremia; furosemide assists in potassium excretion, and when used as monotherapy can cause hypokalemia 1,3.…”

Section: Medical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing ascites in patients with cirrhosis

Jack

2023

Jaapa

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Patients with cirrhosis have a 50% to 60% chance of developing ascites within 10 years of diagnosis. Once ascites has developed, patients have a predicted 50% mortality within 3 years. This article discusses the pathophysiology of ascites caused by cirrhosis, standards in diagnosing ascites, and the recommendations and guidelines for treating ascites. Properly managing patients with decompensated cirrhosis can improve their quality of life and longevity and minimize additional complications.

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Diagnosis and management of mesothelioma

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Inhibitors of the Transcription Factor STAT3 Decrease Growth and Induce Immune Response Genes in Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM)

Inhibitors of the Transcription Factor STAT3 Decrease Growth and Induce Immune Response Genes in Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM)

Asbestos and Zeolites: from A to Z via a Common Ion

Managing ascites in patients with cirrhosis

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