Diagnosis and management of facial asymmetries

Maheshwari, Sandhya; Verma, Sanjeev; Gaur, Aditi; Dhiman, Sushma

doi:10.4103/2321-3825.149054

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Asymmetry can be either functional or morphological 2 . Asymmetrical face can be described as difference in shape and size of facial parts in two halves of the face 3 . Clinically facial asymmetry occurred in about 1/3 of the dentofacial deformed population in which lower third of face was affected more than the upper and middle third of the face 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Facial and Dental Midline Discrepancies in Nepalese Population

Maharjan¹,

Rajbhandari²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2020

Europasian J Med Sci.

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Introduction: The facial midline is defined by the landmark such as the nose, philtrum, and chin aligned in a straight line. It should be in the center of the face and should coincide with the dental midline. But clinically it is often observed that some discrepancies exist between facial and dental midlines. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the facial and dental midline discrepancies. Methods: A total of 300 subjects, 150 male and 150 female from People’s Dental College and Hospital were selected. Full facial view standardized photograph with a posed smile with teeth in occlusion was taken with Canon 400D digital SLR. For standardized measurement vertical metallic scale with millimeter, markings were placed on the right side of the patient in all cases. The software program Digimizer image analysis (version 4.6.1) was used to determine the facial and maxillary dental midline. Result: This study showed 6.66% of male and 12% of female had perfectly coinciding F1 facial midline (perpendicular from the midpoint of inner canthus distance), F2 facial midline (line joining the midpoint of inner canthus and the midpoint of the base of the nose) and maxillary midline. 26% of males and 28% of females had less than 1mm of the discrepancy of F1 midline to maxillary midline whereas 41% of males and 38% of females had less than 1 mm of a discrepancy between F2 facial midline and maxillary midline. The study also showed that 24% of males and 24.66% of females had none coincidence of any of the midlines with one another. Conclusion: Most of the Nepalese have noncoinciding facial and dental midline but females have more coinciding midlines in comparison to males. The shifted facial midlines are more towards the left side in relation to maxillary dental midline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Facial and Dental Midline Discrepancies in Nepalese Population

Maharjan¹,

Rajbhandari²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2020

Europasian J Med Sci.

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“…Muscular asymmetry may be caused by abnormal muscle structure or activity on one side of the face. Functional asymmetry may be the result of functional deviation of the mandible in response to occlusal interference [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Teora

Sumardi

Widayati

2019

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective: To determine the skeletal and dental components in patients with facial asymmetry treated at the orthodontic specialist clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the tracing of postero-anterior cephalograms of patients aged >14 years 4.2 months for males and >11 years 6.2 months for females using the Grummons analysis. A total of 46 patients were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The proportions of asymmetric direction based on the deviation of the mandibular menton, maxillary midline, and mandibular midline tending to the left and the right sides of the face were 58.7% and 41.3%, respectively. The skeletal component found in the vertical direction showed a greater mean value difference than that observed in the transverse direction. The mean value difference was greater in the midline of the mandibular teeth than in the maxillary teeth. Conclusion: Facial asymmetry tended more towards the left side of the face than the right side. Moreover, the skeletal component was greater in the vertical direction than the transverse direction. In the transverse direction, it was shown that the left side of the face was larger than the right side. In addition, dental asymmetry was more commonly observed in the midline of the mandibular teeth than the maxillary teeth.

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“…Kategori skeletal mencakup terjadinya perubahan pada kondilus mandibula. 2,7 Asimetri pada wajah dan gigi merupakan fenomena yang terjadi secara alami. 8 Asimetri vertikal kondilus dan ramus berhubungan dengan permukaan artikular sehingga dapat menjadi predisposisi dari temporomandibular disorder (TMD).…”

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Ketinggian kondilus, kebiasaan mengunyah dan gejala temporomandibular disorder pada pasien bergigi lengkap pada berbagai kelompok usia: studi observasional

Putri,

Sam,

Damayanti

2023

Padjadjaran J Dent Res Students

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ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kondilus mandibula merupakan salah satu bagian dari sistem stomatognatik yang morfologinya dapat berubah akibat adaptasi dari daya fungsional. Dalam kondisi tertentu, kondilus dapat memiliki perbedaan di tiap sisinya, seperti pada pasien tidak bergigi maupun bergigi sebagian. Beberapa faktor seperti bruxism, menopang dagu, tidur satu sisi dan mengunyah satu sisi pada pasien bergigi lengkap, menimbulkan hiperaktivitas otot pengunyahan sehingga dapat menyebabkan nyeri di sekitar temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Hal tersebut dapat menjadi penyebab terjadinya perbedaan morfologi antara kedua sisi kondilus, salah satunya adalah ketinggian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran ketinggian kondilus pada pasien bergigi lengkap dengan menggunakan kuesioner mengenai kebiasaan mengunyah dan gejala temporomandibular disorder. Metode: Penelitian ini mengambil sampel dari data radiograf panoramik pasien bergigi lengkap yang datang ke Instalasi Radiologi RSGM Unpad dan sudah diberikan kuesioner mengenai kebiasaan mengunyah dan TMD-DI pada periode bulan Maret-Mei 2023. Ketinggian kondilus pada hasil foto radiograf panoramik diukur menggunakan fitur measure pada software ImageJ, kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus indeks asimetri Habets. Hasil pengukuran dan kuesioner digunakan untuk pengelompokan sampel. Hasil: Didapatkan sebanyak 46 sampel bergigi lengkap. Hasil perhitungan data penelitian menunjukkan sampel dengan perbedaan ketinggian kondilus lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki dan pada kelompok usia 19-29 tahun. Perbedaan kondilus juga lebih banyak ditemukan pada sampel yang mengunyah menggunakan 1 sisi dan sampel dengan hasil TMD-DI negatif. Simpulan: Terdapat banyak pasien bergigi lengkap yang memiliki perbedaan gambaran ketinggian kondilus. KATA KUNCI: Ketinggian kondilus, TMJ, TMD, radiograf panoramik, indeks asimetri habetsCondylar height in complete dentition patient seen through panoramic radiograph: observational study ABSTRACT Introduction: The mandibular condyle is a part of the stomatognathic system whose morphology can change due to adaptation of functional power. Under certain conditions, the condyles may differ on each side, such as in edentulous or partially edentulous patients. In complete dentition, however, there should be less discrepancy in the condyles. Several factors such as bruxism, propping up the chin, sleeping on one side and chewing on one side cause hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles which can cause pain around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This can be the cause of morphological differences between the two sides of the condyle, such as the height. The purpose of this study was to describe the height of the condyle in complete dentition patients using questionnaire about chewing habits and TMD symptoms. Methods: This study took samples from panoramic radiograph data of complete dentition patients who came to the radiology installation of RSGM Unpad and were given questionnaires regarding chewing habits and TMD-DI in the period March-May 2023. The height of the condyles on the panoramic radiographs was measured using the measure feature in the ImageJ software, then calculated using the Habets asymmetry index formula. Measurement results and questionnaires are used for grouping samples. Results: There were 46 samples with complete teeth. The results of the calculation of the study data showed that samples with differences in condyle height were found more in male patients and in the 19-29 year age group. Differences in the condyle were also found more in samples that chewed using 1 side and samples with negative TMD-DI results. Conclusion: There are many complete dentition patients who have different appearances of condyle height.KEY WORDS: Condylar height; TMJ; TMD; Panoramic radiograph; Habets asymmetry index

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Diagnosis and management of facial asymmetries

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Facial and Dental Midline Discrepancies in Nepalese Population

Evaluation of Facial and Dental Midline Discrepancies in Nepalese Population

Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Ketinggian kondilus, kebiasaan mengunyah dan gejala temporomandibular disorder pada pasien bergigi lengkap pada berbagai kelompok usia: studi observasional

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