Diagnosis and Control of Viral Diseases of Reproductive Importance

Newcomer, Benjamin W.; Givens, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.011

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…However, the evidence for BHV-1 as a cause of abortion in this study is relatively weak. As latent BHV-1 infection may lead to false positive results by molecular detection (Newcomer & Givens, 2016), we relied on serology to diagnose infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania

Thomas

Kibona²,

Claxton

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Livestock abortion is an important cause of productivity losses worldwide and many infectious causes of abortion are zoonotic pathogens that impact on human health. Little is known about the relative importance of infectious causes of livestock abortion in Africa, including in subsistence farming communities that are critically dependent on livestock for food, income, and wellbeing. We conducted a prospective cohort study of livestock abortion, supported by cross-sectional serosurveillance, to determine aetiologies of livestock abortions in livestock in Tanzania. This approach generated several important findings including detection of a Rift Valley fever virus outbreak in cattle; high prevalence of C. burnetii infection in livestock; and the first report of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and pestiviruses associated with livestock abortion in Tanzania. Our approach provides a model for abortion surveillance in resource-limited settings. Our findings add substantially to current knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, providing important evidence from which to prioritise disease interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania

Thomas

Kibona²,

Claxton

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…As one of the most common pathogens in cattle, BoHV-1 infection has attracted more and more attention from scientists and health officials around the world, and this includes China. Various diagnostics and vaccines are available for the control of BoHV-1 23 , 24 However, no strategy is able to completely eradicate and control BoHV-1 infection in cattle due to limitations in antivirals and the mechanism of viral latency in infected animals 25 , 26 . Therefore, it is desirable to seek novel diagnostic tools and antiviral agents that treat and control BoHV-1 infection in latent carrier cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DNA aptamer efficiently inhibits the infectivity of Bovine herpesvirus 1 by blocking viral entry

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen of domestic and wild cattle responsible for major economic losses in dairy and beef industries throughout the world. Inhibition of viral entry plays a crucial role in the control of BoHV-1 infection and aptamers have been reported to inhibit viral replication. In this study, nine DNA aptamers that target BoHV-1 were generated using systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Of the nine candidates, aptamer IBRV-A4 exhibited the highest affinity and specificity for BoHV-1, which bound to BoHV-1 with a Kd value of 3.519 nM and demonstrated the greatest virus binding as shown by fluorescence imaging. The neutralizing ability of aptamer IBRV-A4 was determined using neutralization assays and real time PCR in BoHV-1 infected Madin-darby bovine kidney cells. Virus titration, immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed virus replication significantly decreased when aptamer IBRV-A4 was added to BoHV-1 infected MDBK cells at 0 and 0.5 hours post-infection, whereas no change was seen when IBRV-A4 was added 2 hours post-infection. This concludes that aptamer IBRV-A4 efficiently inhibits viral entry of BoHV-1 in MDBK cells and is therefore a novel tool for diagnosis and treatment of BoHV-1 infection in cattle.

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“…Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), caused by BVD virus (BVDV), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), are 2 diseases of importance in dairy herds because of their effects on reproductive performance, increased susceptibility to other diseases, early culling, and subsequent economic losses (Hage et al, 1998;Muylkens et al, 2007;Newcomer and Givens, 2016). Animals infected by BVDV can be classified into 3 different infection statuses: (1) persistently infected (PI) cattle, which are animals vertically infected during early pregnancy (30 to 120 d) and that shed large amounts of virus all their lives (Houe, 1999); (2) transiently infected (TI) cattle, which are animals horizontally infected after birth that shed small amounts of virus for up to 15 d (Houe, 1999;Niskanen et al, 2000); and (3) Trojan cows (TR), which are pregnant cows that carry a PI calf (Reardon et al, 2018). Cattle with BoHV-1 can develop acute infections (AcI) and shed the virus for a short time, followed by a latent infection (LI) for the rest of their lives, excreting the virus under stress conditions (Lazic et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several European countries have implemented compulsory and voluntary BVD and IBR control and eradication programs (Lindberg et al, 2006;Nardelli et al, 2008). The implementation of biosecurity is considered an essential pillar in these programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a quantitative risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 introduction in dairy cattle herds to improve biosecurity

Benavides

Casal

Diéguez

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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A quantitative risk assessment model was developed to estimate the annual probability of introducing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) at the farm level through animal movements. Data from 2017 official animal movements, biosecurity questionnaires, scientific literature, and expert opinion from field veterinarians were taken into consideration for model input parameters. Purchasing or introducing cattle, rearing replacement heifers offsite, showing cattle at competitions, sharing transport vehicles with other herds, and transporting cattle in vehicles that have not been cleaned and disinfected were considered in the model. The annual probability of introducing BVDV or BoHV-1 through infected animals was very heterogeneous between farms. The median likelihoods of BVDV and BoHV-1introduction were 12 and 9%, respectively. Farms that purchased cattle from within their region (i.e., local movements) and shared transport with other farms had a higher probability for BVDV and BoHV-1 introduction. This model can be a useful tool to support decision-making on biosecurity measures that should be prioritized to reduce the probability of introduction of these 2 diseases in dairy herds.

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Diagnosis and Control of Viral Diseases of Reproductive Importance

Cited by 34 publications

References 81 publications

Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania

Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania

A DNA aptamer efficiently inhibits the infectivity of Bovine herpesvirus 1 by blocking viral entry

Development of a quantitative risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 introduction in dairy cattle herds to improve biosecurity

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