Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Neosporosis

McAllister, Milton M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.012

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Rural dogs are more likely to be infected with N. caninum, and infection may occur easily due to ingestion of raw meat, including aborted fetuses, and remains of placenta containing protozoan cysts. This is an important factor in maintaining the parasite cycle by disseminating oocysts in the environment, facilitating transmission to intermediate hosts (KING et al, 2012;MCALLISTER, 2016). (HUGHES et al, 2006;FUEHRER et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region

Silva

Oliveira

et al. 2020

AVB

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Article history Neospora caninum is a protozoan of the heteroxenous cycle, whose definitive hosts include domestic and wild canids, while intermediate hosts are herbivores. Its occurrence in dogs of rural areas deserves attention due to the risk of transmission to the animals of production, mainly cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in dogs belonging to rural areas of the municipality of Sousa, the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Blood sera from dogs of six rural communities were analyzed. The indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed for the detection of anti-N. caninum IgG. The results were considered positive when the total peripheral fluorescence of the tachyzoites occurred at a dilution ≥1:50. The frequency of seropositivity was 9.18% (9/98 cases). Antibody titers ranged from to 200, with the 1:50 titer being predominant. Among the evaluated sites, 66.6% (4/6) showed the presence of at least one seropositive dog. The variable contact with cattle was considered a risk factor (odds ratio = 15.25) for infection by the parasite, demonstrating a higher risk of contact with contaminated tissues. It was concluded that dogs from rural areas of the municipality of Sousa were exposed to N. caninum, and it was suggested that contact between dogs and cattle be avoided as a control measure to prevent infection in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region

Silva

Oliveira

et al. 2020

AVB

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“…Once bovine neosporosis is confirmed as the main cause of abortions, different alternatives are available for reducing the negative impact in the production system (9). Our approach was based in an initial differential diagnosis of the cause of the elevated abortion rate on this dairy farm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, no treatment or vaccines are yet available to control bovine neosporosis (8). Indeed, the only way to control the disease is by interrupting the parasite cycle (8,9). At farm biosecurity level, many strategies have been suggested: (1) testing replacement and purchased cattle; (2) prevention of transmission from definitive hosts; (3) rodent control; and (4) prevention of any immunosuppressive factors such as virus infection, ingestion of mycotoxins or any cause of stress which could lead to reactivation of chronic infection and vertical transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling Endemic Neospora caninum-Related Abortions in a Dairy Herd From Argentina

Lagomarsino¹,

Scioli²,

Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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After diagnosis of endemic abortions due to neosporosis in a commercial dairy farm, routes of Neospora caninum-transmission were evaluated in order to choose the best strategy for reducing its seroprevalence and related abortions. Fifty two dam-calf pairs were bled at parturition. Additionally, 22 female calves were also sampled at regular 3 month intervals until 18-22 months. N. caninum specific antibodies were assayed by IFAT. Serum samples were tested at a dilution 1:25 for calves before colostrum intake and heifers before mating and 1:100 for multiparous cows. Only serum samples from IFAT seropositive cattle involved in the evaluation of the routes of transmission were assessed by a commercial IgG avidity ELISA. Seropositive cows or heifers were artificially inseminated with semen from Hereford bulls. The progenies from these female animals were sent to a feed lot to produce meat. Different generalized linear models (GLM) were used to study the relationship between abortion, age category, and serostatus. Seropositive heifers were more likely to have a record of abortion (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.7). Vertical transmission frequency was 55.5% (5 seropositive calves/9 seropositive cows). Horizontal transmission was 22.7% (5 female calves seroconverted at least one time/22 females calves sampled during 24 months) and these 5 female calves had low avidity. In heifers, both seroprevalence and abortion rates decreased from 22.1 and 8.4% of 475 in 2009 to 6.1 and 4.3% of 578 in 2015, respectively (p < 0.01). Over 5 years, N. caninum-seroprevalence and the related abortions in heifers decreased after the control strategy was assessed.

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“…The prevalence of congenitally infected offspring is similarly high (Mesquita et al 2013). Neosporosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of endemic or epidemic abortions along with other toxic and infectious causes of abortion that commonly affect farm animals (McAllister 2016). Diagnosis of abortion due to N. caninum infection in production animals is based on the clinical history and epidemiological data of the affected herd, serological screening of female animals, and a comprehensive diagnostic workup on aborted fetuses including necropsy, histopathology, and serology of fetal fluids (Ortega-Mora et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological response to Neospora caninum infection in goats and agreement between three diagnostic techniques to detect caprine neosporosis

et al. 2019

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The present study aimed to measure the serological response of goats infected with Neospora caninum by assessing the diagnostic performance and agreement between three techniques (indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, IFAT; Neospora agglutitation test, NAT; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). The panel of sera were comprised of 500 samples of goats, and 60 reference serum samples. These reference and field serum samples were tested by ELISA, NAT, and IFAT. In the field serum samples tested, the seroprevalences of anti-N. caninum antibodies were 3.2%, 4.6%, and 6.4% in the NAT, IFAT and ELISA, respectively. Using the IFAT as the gold standard, the NAT and the ELISA agreement was considered weak (k=0.28) and strong (k=0.75), respectively. When the IFAT performance was used for comparison purposes, the ELISA showed 91.3% sensitivity and 97.7%, specificity with a PPV of 65.2% and a NPV of 99.6%; The NAT presented sensitivity of 26.1% and specificity of 97.9% with a PPV of 37.5% and a NPV of 96.5%. Accordingly, the IFAT should remain the assay of choice for studies about N. caninum infection in goats in individual serum samples. A combination of serological assays with high sensitivity and specificity is recommended in serosurveys of caprine neosporosis.

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Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Neosporosis

Cited by 49 publications

References 61 publications

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region

Controlling Endemic Neospora caninum-Related Abortions in a Dairy Herd From Argentina

Serological response to Neospora caninum infection in goats and agreement between three diagnostic techniques to detect caprine neosporosis

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