Diagnosis and Classification of Multiple Sclerosis

McDonald, W. I.; Halliday, A. M.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071393

Cited by 434 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…When damaged, it results in impairments in eye conjugaison, named internuclear ophtalmoplegia [37]. By measuring a difference of velocity in saccades between both eyes, clinical researchers can then potentially make an early pre-diagnosis of multiple sclerosis [38] or classify the patients in a more accurate disease state [19]. Indeed, eye tracking recordings of saccade peak velocities seems to show detection of abnormalities in eye movements in patients earlier than with a simple clinical examination [37,38,39].…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By measuring a difference of velocity in saccades between both eyes, clinical researchers can then potentially make an early pre-diagnosis of multiple sclerosis [38] or classify the patients in a more accurate disease state [19]. Indeed, eye tracking recordings of saccade peak velocities seems to show detection of abnormalities in eye movements in patients earlier than with a simple clinical examination [37,38,39]. Mastaglia, Black and Collins carried out an electrooculographic study over 108 patients with definite or suspected multiple sclerosis and found that 71% of them presented abnormal smooth pursuit movements and 44% presented abnormal saccade velocities [39].…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring

Vidal

Turner

Bulling

et al. 2012

Computer Communications

157

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Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring

Vidal

Turner

Bulling

et al. 2012

Computer Communications

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Patients PBMC were obtained from 81 patients identified as having clinically probable MS by the criteria of McDonald & Halliday (1977), Patients were classified as in relapse when a new clinical sign had developed within the 3 weeks previous to examination; those with active disease had a clear previous history of new signs or symptoms within the past 3 months; patients with stable disease had no new sign or symptom for 6 months or more. Progressive cases had evidence of two or more separate CNS lesions and a history of progressive paraplegia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of human myelin in vitro by leucocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis

Owen¹,

Watson²,

Davison³

1990

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYIn order to study the possible autoimmune basis of multiple sclerosis (MS) a quantitative method has been used to investigate breakdown of human myelin in vitro. We found that serum from MS patients and controls was generally devoid of any myelin degradative activity. However, isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 43% of MS patients showed significant myelin degradative activity as did those from 61-5% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Myelin degradation by cells was found in only 13% of patients with other neurological diseases and in no healthy controls. It is proposed that this non-specific peripheral cellular immune degradative activity originates from cells activated within the central nervous system of MS patients or the joints of individuals with RA. As a result, activity in the blood only indirectly reflects the ongoing inflammatory response at the primary site, accounting for the lack of correlation between changes in the blood and the clinical status of the MS patient. We further propose that the lack of m vitro myelin degradative activity in cells recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid is due to autoaggressive cells being sequestered to the brain.

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“…The studies frequently failed to blind laboratory procedures or describe their sources of cases and controls. Case-control studies Nine case-control studies were identified (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). One 'A', four 'B', two 'C' and two 'D' ratings were assigned (Tables 3, 4).…”

Section: Seroepidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis and Epstein-Barr Virus

Marrie

Wolfson

2002

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the epidemiological evidence for an etiological role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis (MS). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Cochrane Library searches of the medical literature identified 24 studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were categorized as seroepidemiological, case-control or historical cohort, and were then classified within each group according to methodological rigour using criteria derived from published guidelines for the epidemiological study of MS. DATA SYNTHESIS: There was significant variability in the quality of evidence, and while two well-designed cohort studies found increased relative risks of MS in subjects with infectious mononucleosis, results from other studies were unconvincing. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence was insufficient to accept or reject the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus has an etiological role in MS. Further study, ideally using large samples of incident cases with blinded, trained interviewers using confirmatory sources for recalled data, is needed. EXTRACTION DES DONNÉES :Les études ont d'abord été divisées en trois catégories : séro-épidémiologiques, cas/témoins et cohortes antérieures, puis classées, dans chacun des groupes, en fonction de leur rigueur méthodologique selon des critères définis dans des lignes directrices publiées concernant l'étude épidémiologique de la SP. SYNTHÈSE DES DONNÉES : Des écarts importants ont été notés relativement à la qualité des données; deux études de cohortes, bien conçues, ont fait ressortir des risques relatifs accrus de SP chez les sujets ayant subi une mononucléose infectieuse, tandis que les résultats des autres études n'étaient pas concluants. CONCLUSION : Nous ne disposons pas suffisamment de données pour confirmer ou infirmer l'hypothèse selon laquelle le virus EpsteinBarr joue un rôle étiologique dans la SP. Il faudrait donc poursuivre l'étude, idéalement à partir de grands échantillons de cas nouveaux et en faisant appel à des intervieweurs formés et tenus dans l'ignorance, qui utilisent des sources de confirmation pour le rappel des données.

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Diagnosis and Classification of Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 434 publications

References 0 publications

Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring

Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring

Degradation of human myelin in vitro by leucocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis and Epstein-Barr Virus

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