Diagnosing the Nutritional Balance of Almond (Prunus sp.) Orchards Using DRIS and DOP Methods

Chaleshtori, Arezoo Ahmadzadeh; Panahpour, Ebrahim; Iranipour, R; Moezzi, Abdolamir

doi:10.1007/s00344-020-10214-0

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The polymers are able to enhance plant water efficiency by absorbing high amounts of water and releasing it gradually for plant use. The two tested nutrients are also among the most important ones for almond growth in the region, which is also similar to our previous research (Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori et al, 2021). Accordingly, the gradual release of water by SAPs makes the plant roots absorb water along with the essential nutrients including the tested P and Fe at the right time for higher branch and nut production.…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 We have just examined the methods which may determine the excessiveness and deficiency of nutrients for almond production in the province of Charmahal and Bakhtiari along the Zayandeh Rud River, Isfahan, Iran. 3 Water is essential for the growth and activities of plants including fruit plants; however, its availability is low in the arid and semiarid areas of the world. With respect to the world's3 increasing population, the efficiency of water must increase to enhance crop and fruit production per hectare.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) are among the most important nutrients for the growth of almond orchards as they are essential for different plant activities including fruit production and enzymatic activities. 3,7 Different methods have been used to improve water and nutrient availability for plant use such as the use of organic matter, tolerant plant species, and efficient irrigation methods. 8 However, one interesting method is the use of super absorbent polymers (SAPs), which has been recently invented to enhance water and nutrient availability for plant use.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Almond (Prunus sp.) Growth and Morphological Properties Affected by Super Absorbent Polymers and Phosphorus and Iron Fertilization

Chaleshtori

Afzal

Iranipour

2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Almond (Prunus sp.) is produced in large amounts in the province of ChaharMahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. The effects of super absorbent polymers (SAPs, potassium acrylamide, KC 3 H 5 NO) singly, or in combination with phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe), on the growth and morphological properties of 20-year old almond orchards were tested in a two-year field experiment. It was a three-way factorial on the basis of a complete randomized block design testing almond growth affected by SAPs (control and 100 g), P (control and 750 g) using triple super phosphate, and Fe (control and 250 g) using FeSO 4 , placed at 70 cm depth of each tree shadow zone. The plant samples were collected and measured in July, four months after flowering. The trees used for sampling were similar in terms of age and cultivar. The green and woody nuts were collected in August and September, respectively. The perimeter of trunk environment (PTT), branch length (BL), branch length after three months (BLT), difference of branch length (DBL), number of almond fruits (NAF), weight of green, woody, and fresh nuts (GWN), and weight of woody and fresh nuts (WN) were determined. The tested treatments singly or in combination significantly improved plant morphological properties including BL, BLT, and WN. The important conclusion about the present research is the gradual release of water by SAPs, which makes the plant roots absorb water along with the essential nutrients including the tested P and Fe at the right time for a higher tree branch and nut production.

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Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Almond (Prunus sp.) Growth and Morphological Properties Affected by Super Absorbent Polymers and Phosphorus and Iron Fertilization

Chaleshtori

Afzal

Iranipour

2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…Some examples of DRIS norms in other fruit trees are reported in Table 5. In almond trees, the only DRIS norms reported previously were established in a study in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Iran) [22][23][24]. In our study, we calculated the DRIS norm from a healthy and high-productivity almond orchard.…”

Section: Dris Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain

et al. 2021

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To ensure good fertilization, it is necessary to know the optimum nutrient levels for each crop. The most common method for obtaining this information for almond trees is to perform a foliar analysis coupled with the use of interpretive tools such as the traditional range of normality. However, currently, there are other, more sophisticated methods such as the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) and the CND (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis) which take into account the relationship between nutrients. However, little information is available with respect to these methods in the case of almond trees. In the present work, 288 samples of three contrasting varieties of almond were analyzed—Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues (Prunus dulcis, Mill.)—corresponding to bi-weekly sampling between the months of May and September. Leaf analysis data, run with different mathematical and statistical models, lead to knowledge of the optimum period for harvesting samples and the determination of the ranges of normality and norms of DRIS and CND for the Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues varieties. Data gained from the leaf nutrient content reported that the best season to harvest and interpret leaf samples was July. In addition, Ferraduel and Ferragnes had higher N, P, and K (2.22, 0.14, and 1.04 mg Kg−1 dw, respectively) than Garrigues (2.00, 0.09. 0.67 mg Kg−1 dw). The norms obtained with the leaf mineral data showed similar values between the Ferraduel and Ferragnes varieties but different values for Garrigues variety. Therefore, Garriges had the highest N/P, N/K, P/K, and P × Mg norms in the DRIS method and the highest VN and VCa norms in the CND method.

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“…Thus, for almonds, Ferrandez-Camara et al, [7] developed the DRIS, CND, and RN standards for the varieties Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues in Spain, observing that these standards were similar for the first two varieties, but not for the Garrigues one. Chaleshtori et al, [9,10] obtained the DRIS standards for a wide collection of ornamental almond trees, observing that there were great differences between the varieties. Presently, it is observed that the DRIS standards for the same variety depend on many factors, such as environmental conditions, rootstock utilized, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Foliar Diagnosis Rules for Almond Trees (Prunus dulcis, Mill.) Grown Under Different Watering Regimes: Irrigation vs Rainfed

Ferrández-Cámara¹,

Martínez-Nicolás²,

Zapata³

et al. 2021

Statistical Inference for Ergodic Algorithmic Model (EAM), Applied to Hydrophobic Hydration Processes

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Agriculture in the 21st Century must be performed considering sustainability criteria to mitigate the effects of climate change. For this, adequate fertilization is necessary for avoiding the excess application of fertilizers, which could contaminate the environment. For the efficient management of fertilization, it is necessary to know the optimum levels of each nutrient for each specie and type of environment. The most common method is to interpret foliar analyses results with traditional tools such as the Range of Normality (RN) or through more precise and complex techniques, such as the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), or the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND). However, for almonds, little information is available on the nutritional requirements of the different varieties, and those cultivated in rainfed vs irrigated lands are not differentiated. In the present work, 384 samples from each of four almond varieties (Prunus dulcis, Mill.) Desmayo, Ramillete, Marcona and Tuono, grown in rainfed or irrigated lands (a total of 1,536 samples) were analyzed, corresponding to sampling every two weeks between the months of June and September, both months included, for a period of two consecutive years. The main objective of the work was to establish RN, DRIS and CND standards for the interpretation of the nutritional analysis of these four almond varieties grown under different watering regimes. With the data from mineral analysis, through the application of different mathematical and statistical models, the RN, DRIS, and CND standards were obtained, with the conclusion that the optimal period for sampling this crop was in the month of July. These standards could be useful for developing algorithms that could be utilized to develop decision support systems (DSS) that interpret the foliar analyses more precisely as compared to the simple RN, and which manage, based on this information, the fertilization of the crops.

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Diagnosing the Nutritional Balance of Almond (Prunus sp.) Orchards Using DRIS and DOP Methods

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Almond (Prunus sp.) Growth and Morphological Properties Affected by Super Absorbent Polymers and Phosphorus and Iron Fertilization

Almond (Prunus sp.) Growth and Morphological Properties Affected by Super Absorbent Polymers and Phosphorus and Iron Fertilization

Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain

Creating Foliar Diagnosis Rules for Almond Trees (Prunus dulcis, Mill.) Grown Under Different Watering Regimes: Irrigation vs Rainfed

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