Diagnosing Orthotopic Lung Tumor Using a NTR-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe by Tracheal Inhalation

Visual monitoring of biocatalytic processes using small molecular fluorescent probes: strategies-mechanisms-applications

“…NTR has become a common marker for hypoxia in living cells. 79,80 In addition, a decrease in intracellular oxygen can lead to changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 81 Therefore, ATP is expected to become a marker that, together with NTR, illustrates the hypoxic state of cells.…”

Site-Specific Cascade-Activatable Fluorogenic Nanomicelles Enable Precision and Accuracy Imaging of Pulmonary Metastatic Tumor

“…To enhance the imaging accuracy and SBR of hard-to-locate micrometastases, more precise cascade activation strategies can be designed by incorporating a secondary tumor-specific indicator. Nitroreductase (NTR) is an aberrantly expressed biomarker for hypoxia in various solid tumors, which not only directly correlates with the degree of hypoxia but also plays a role in the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. − Several NTR-activatable NIR fluorescent probes have been reported for diagnosing metastatic tumors. , Jiang et al developed a macromolecular NIR PEG-conjugated iridium­(III) complex that effectively detects primary tumors and small liver metastatic nodules measuring approximately 1 mm, by specifically responding to tumor acidity and hypoxia . Drawing inspiration from these concepts, we propose that combining tumor extracellular acidity pH e with NTR can effectively address this challenge, thereby significantly expanding the potential application of programmable responsive nanoprobe imaging technology in detecting micrometastatic tumors.…”

“…Nitroreductase (NTR) is an aberrantly expressed biomarker for hypoxia in various solid tumors, which not only directly correlates with the degree of hypoxia but also plays a role in the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. 39 − 42 Several NTR-activatable NIR fluorescent probes have been reported for diagnosing metastatic tumors. 39 , 42 Jiang et al developed a macromolecular NIR PEG-conjugated iridium(III) complex that effectively detects primary tumors and small liver metastatic nodules measuring approximately 1 mm, by specifically responding to tumor acidity and hypoxia.…”

“… 39 − 42 Several NTR-activatable NIR fluorescent probes have been reported for diagnosing metastatic tumors. 39 , 42 Jiang et al developed a macromolecular NIR PEG-conjugated iridium(III) complex that effectively detects primary tumors and small liver metastatic nodules measuring approximately 1 mm, by specifically responding to tumor acidity and hypoxia. 20 Drawing inspiration from these concepts, we propose that combining tumor extracellular acidity pH e with NTR can effectively address this challenge, thereby significantly expanding the potential application of programmable responsive nanoprobe imaging technology in detecting micrometastatic tumors.…”