Diagnosing Open Cluster Stock 2: Member Candidates and Mass Distribution with Gaia DR2 and LAMOST

Ye, Xianhao; Zhao, Jingkun; Liu, Jiaming; Bird, Sarah; Liu, Chao; Liang, Xian-Ting; Zhang, Jiajun; Zhao, Gang

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abc61a

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The high dispersion confirms the existence of a noticeable differential reddening across the observed field, as described in previous studies (Krzeminski & Serkowski 1967;Spagna et al 2009). Indeed, our value is compatible within the errors with that mostly accepted for the cluster, E(B − V) ≈0.35 (Ye et al 2021). Alternatively, we evaluated the reddening from the colour excess definition, that is, by comparing observed and intrinsic colours for each star.…”

Section: Reddening and Sed Fittingsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…They took high-resolution spectra of three red giants, from which they estimated a solar-like mean metallicity ([Fe/H]=−0.06±0.03) and the chemical abundances for 23 elements. Ye et al (2021) obtained a similar value ([Fe/H]=−0.04±0.15) from LAMOST mid-resolution spectra of almost 300 likely members. They also found that Stock 2 is a massive cluster (≈ 4000 M ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…According to the literature (Stock 1956;Krzeminski & Serkowski 1967;Robichon et al 1999;Spagna et al 2009) the distance to Stock 2 ranges between 300 and 350 pc, although the most recent studies, based on the second Gaia data release, place it at about 400 pc (Cantat-Gaudin et al 2018;Reddy & Lambert 2019). The average reddening is E(B−V) ≈ 0.35, but it seems to be variable across the cluster field (Krzeminski & Serkowski 1967;Spagna et al 2009;Ye et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the cluster might be coeval or slightly older than the Pleiades (100-275 Ma, e.g. Krzeminski & Serkowski 1967;Robichon et al 1999;Reddy & Lambert 2019;Ye et al 2021) but on the other hand, Sciortino et al (2000), from the analysis of the cluster X-ray luminosity function, found it to have and age similar to the Hyades (τ 625 Ma). Spagna et al (2009), based on the TO region shape and the distribution of the giants on the CMD, reported an age within the 200-500 Ma range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG: Stock 2, a little-studied open cluster with an eMSTO

Alonso-Santiago,

Frasca,

Catanzaro

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Stock 2 is a little-studied open cluster that shows an extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO). In order to investigate this phenomenon and characterise the cluster itself we performed high-resolution spectroscopy in the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project. We employed the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in North hemisphere spectrograph (HARPS-N) at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG). We completed our observations with additional spectra taken with the Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectrograph (CAOS). In total we observed 46 stars (dwarfs and giants), which represent, by far, the largest sample collected for this cluster to date. We provide the stellar parameters, extinction, radial and projected rotational velocities for most of the stars. Chemical abundances for 21 species with atomic numbers up to 56 have also been derived. We notice a differential reddening in the cluster field whose average value is 0.27 mag. It seems to be the main responsible for the observed eMSTO, since it cannot be explained as the result of different rotational velocities, as found in other clusters. We estimate an age for Stock 2 of 450±150 Ma which corresponds to a MSTO stellar mass of ≈2.8 M . The cluster mean radial velocity is around 8.0 km s −1 . We find a solar-like metallicity for the cluster, [Fe/H]=−0.07±0.06, compatible with its Galactocentric distance. MS stars and giants show chemical abundances compatible within the errors, with the exceptions of Barium and Strontium, which are clearly overabundant in giants, and Cobalt, which is only marginally overabundant. Finally, Stock 2 presents a chemical composition fully compatible with that observed in other open clusters of the Galactic thin disc.

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Section: Reddening and Sed Fittingsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG: Stock 2, a little-studied open cluster with an eMSTO

Alonso-Santiago,

Frasca,

Catanzaro

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We calculate neighbors for all 496,103 sources, which is defined in phase space (x, y, z, κ • µ * α /̟, κ • µ δ /̟), same as Eq. ( 1) in Ye et al (2021) and the reference therein. In short, for each source, its neighbors is defined within a radius of 15 pc in (x, y, z) and a radius of 1.…”

Section: Member Selectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Tidal Tails of IC 4756 detected by {\it Gaia} EDR3

Ye,

Zhao,

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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We report the discovery of emerged tidal tails around open cluster IC 4756 (∼ 1 Gyr) based on 644 members identified from Gaia EDR3. Three-dimensional spatial positions, two-dimensional tangential velocities (x, y, z, κ • µ * α /̟, κ • µ δ /̟) are utilized to determine the co-moving member candidates of IC 4756. Using a Bayesian method, we correct the distance for each cluster member. Two tidal tails extend up to 180 pc and display a S-shape in X ′ Y ′ space (Cartesian coordinates focused on cluster center). A clean sequence of our members in Color-Absolute-Magnitude Diagram (CAMD) indicates the coeval population and matches perfectly with the PARSEC isochrone with age from Bossini et al. (2019). Mass segregation is detected in this cluster as well. Finally, we derive the tidal radius and core radius of IC 4756 about 12.13 pc and 4.33 ± 0.75 pc, respectively.

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Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG

Alonso-Santiago

Frasca

Catanzaro

et al. 2021

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stock 2 is a little-studied open cluster that shows an extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO). In order to investigate this phenomenon and characterise the cluster itself, we performed high-resolution spectroscopy in the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics project. We employed the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the Northern hemisphere spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG). We completed our observations with additional spectra taken with the Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter. We observed 46 stars (dwarfs and giants). They represent by far the largest sample collected for this cluster to date. We provide the stellar parameters, the extinction, and the radial and projected rotational velocities for most of the stars. Chemical abundances for 21 species with atomic numbers up to 56 have also been derived. We note a differential reddening in the cluster field with an average value of 0.27 mag. This appears the main cause for the observed eMSTO because it cannot be explained as the result of different rotational velocities, as found in other clusters. We estimate an age for Stock 2 of 450 ± 150 Ma, which corresponds to a MSTO stellar mass of ≈2.8 M⊙. The cluster mean radial velocity is about 8.0 km s−1. We find a solar-like metallicity for the cluster, [Fe/H] = −0.07 ± 0.06, compatible with its galactocentric distance. The chemical abundances of main-sequence stars and giants are compatible within the errors. The exceptions are barium and strontium, which are clearly overabundant in giants, and cobalt, which is only marginally overabundant. Finally, the chemical composition of Stock 2 is fully compatible with the composition observed in other open clusters of the Galactic thin-disc population.

show abstract

Diagnosing Open Cluster Stock 2: Member Candidates and Mass Distribution with Gaia DR2 and LAMOST

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG: Stock 2, a little-studied open cluster with an eMSTO

Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG: Stock 2, a little-studied open cluster with an eMSTO

Extended Tidal Tails of IC 4756 detected by {\it Gaia} EDR3

Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG

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