Diagnosed HIV Infection in Transgender Adults and Adolescents: Results from the National HIV Surveillance System, 2009–2014

Clark, Hollie; Babu, Aruna Surendera; Wiewel, Ellen W.; Opoku, Jenevieve; Crepaz, Nicole

doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1656-7

Cited by 179 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(26 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

110

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, in several African countries, depression, condomless receptive anal sex, law enforcement stigma and violence were significantly associated with HIV . In the United States and Peru , race, multiple sexual partners, condomless receptive anal or vaginal sex, non‐prescribed injection of hormones or drugs, sharing drug paraphernalia, engaging in commercial sex work and history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) were associated with HIV . In Southeast Asia, age, alcohol use, amphetamine use, sex with male sex workers and dressing as a woman all the time were risk factors for HIV .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross‐sectional survey

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Transgender women may face the highest prevalence of HIV of any population, experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease frequently confirmed in surveys throughout the developing and developed world. However, few studies have been conducted specifically for transgender women in China. This study aimed to measure HIV prevalence and explore risk factors for infection in a diverse sample of Chinese transgender women to help advocate for prevention and care interventions for this population. Methods From July 2018 to May 2019, we adapted a respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) approach to recruit a diverse sample of 250 transgender women through chains of peer referrals in two cities of eastern China, Nanjing and Suzhou. Eligible participants (i.e. 18 years of age or older, living in Jiangsu province and assigned male sex at birth but currently self‐identified as a gender different from male) completed a self‐administered questionnaire on a mobile phone to collect demographic characteristics and risk behaviours and underwent HIV testing. Results and discussion The survey sample was young (82% under age 35 years), with 28.8% having a university degree, 39.2% reporting work at entertainment venues, 47.6% ever having taken hormones and 6.4% being diagnosed with an STI in the last year. One in five (20.8%) reported having engaged in sex work. HIV prevalence was 14.8% (95% CI 10.6 to 19.8), with 75.6% of those testing HIV positive reporting they were already aware of their serostatus. In multivariate analysis, HIV prevalence was significantly higher among transgender women above the age of 24 years, those who work at entertainment venues, who never have taken hormones, and who had been diagnosed with an STI in the last year. Conclusions The prevalence of HIV among transgender women in our study, at 14.8%, is among the highest detected in any population in eastern China. Chinese transgender women may therefore follow the disparity in the burden of HIV noted worldwide. Data support policies to prioritize transgender women for HIV testing outreach, for in‐depth research to better understand the specific drivers of infection in this population, and for trans‐friendly HIV care and prevention programmes to address their specific needs.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross‐sectional survey

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…. Of 2351 transgender individuals identified in the National HIV Surveillance System with newly diagnosed HIV infection during 2009–2014, 84.0% were TGW (male-to-female) (6). In particular, TGW (male-to-female) youth of color have been identified as at extreme risk of acquiring HIV (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-Method Evaluation of Social Media-Based Tools and Traditional Strategies to Recruit High-Risk and Hard-to-Reach Populations into an HIV Prevention Intervention Study

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Men who have sex with men and transgender women are hard-to-reach populations for research. Social media-based tools may overcome certain barriers in accessing these groups and are being tested in an ongoing study exploring HIV home-test kit use to reduce risk behavior. We analyzed pre-screening responses about how volunteers learned about the study (n = 896) and demographic data from eligible participants who came for an initial study visit (n = 216) to determine the strengths and weaknesses of recruitment strategies. Social media-based strategies resulted in the highest number of individuals screened (n = 444, 26% eligible). Dating sites/apps reached large numbers of eligible participants. White-Hispanics and African-Americans were more likely to be recruited through personal contacts; community events successfully reached Hispanic volunteers. Incorporating recruitment queries into pre-screening forms can help modify recruitment strategies for greater efficacy and efficiency. Findings suggest that recruitment strategies need to be tailored to reach specific target populations.

show abstract

“…Between 2009 and 2014 in the U.S., more than one in 3 diagnoses in TF individuals were ages 13–24 years (8.3% ages 13–19 years, 28.0% ages 20–24 years); more than one in 5 were in TM (6.4% age 13–19, 16.6% ages 30–24) [20]. Community-based convenience samples have reported HIV prevalence between 5 [21, 22] and 20% [23, 24] in TF under ages 29 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, to our knowledge, there has been very limited research on HIV and related outcomes in nonbinary individuals (e.g., gender nonconforming, genderqueer, genderfluid, or any other gender different than their assigned sex at birth), either youth or adults. National HIV Surveillance System data from 2009 to 2014 found that 0.7% of HIV infections (n = 16) occurred in nonbinary transgender people; however, data were not disaggregated by other factors (e.g., age, sex assigned at birth, race, ethnicity) [20]. These data are urgently needed to reduce HIV incidence and improve health outcomes for diverse TG youth who are vulnerable to and living with HIV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the HIV Prevention and Care Continua in a Sample of Transgender Youth in the U.S.

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the U.S., transgender and other gender minority (TG) youth are an at-risk group understudied in HIV prevention and treatment. This study sought to characterize the HIV prevention and care continua in a diverse sample of 181 sexually-active TG ages 16–24 years (mean age = 20.7 years; 76.8% trans feminine; 69.1% youth of color) recruited July–December 2015 in 14 U.S. cities. Overall, 30.9% reported living with HIV, of which 71.4% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 55.0% were medication adherent; 65.6% were known to be virally suppressed. In multivariable models, medical gender affirmation was associated with lower odds of viral suppression. Medical gender affirmation and stigma in HIV care were each independently associated with elevated odds of having missed HIV care appointments. Among at-risk TG youth not living with HIV, only 8.2% had accessed pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Early biobehavioral prevention and treatment interventions are needed for TG youth.

show abstract

Diagnosed HIV Infection in Transgender Adults and Adolescents: Results from the National HIV Surveillance System, 2009–2014

Cited by 179 publications

References 35 publications

High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross‐sectional survey

High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross‐sectional survey

Mixed-Method Evaluation of Social Media-Based Tools and Traditional Strategies to Recruit High-Risk and Hard-to-Reach Populations into an HIV Prevention Intervention Study

Characterizing the HIV Prevention and Care Continua in a Sample of Transgender Youth in the U.S.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About