Diagnosability Versus Mean Differences of Sage Sparrow Subspecies

Patten, Michael A.; Unitt, Philip

doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0026:dvmdos]2.0.co;2

Cited by 115 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Due to a paucity of detailed descriptions, the taxonomic importance of cortical granulation in armophorids is undetermined. A detailed discussion of the subspecies concept is beyond the scope of this paper (Patten and Unitt 2002). However, in our opinion, designation of the North American population as a subspecies on the basis of (2014).…”

Section: Inversus Metopus Striatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic and molecular description of Metopus fuscus Kahl from North America and new rDNA sequences from seven metopids (Armophorea, Metopidae)

Bourland

Wendell

Hampikian

2014

European Journal of Protistology

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Most species in the large ciliate genus Metopus Claparède & Lachmann, 1858 lack detailed descriptions based on modern morphologic and molecular methods. This lack of data for the vast majority of species hampers application of a morphospecies approach to the taxonomy of Metopus and other armophorids. In this report we redescribe the large species, Metopus fuscus Kahl, 1927 based on in vivo observation, silver impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and single-cell 18S rDNA sequencing of a freshwater North American (Idaho) population. Metopus fuscus invariably has a perinuclear envelope of endosymbiotic bacteria not found in other species. Unlike the original description of a single row of coarse granules between ciliary rows, the Idaho population has five loose rows of small interkinetal granules. We discuss the possible importance of this character in metopids. We also provide a phylogenetic analysis including setosus form a fully supported clade, challenging previous morphospecies groupings. We discuss some ambiguities of armophorid morphologic terminology in the earlier literature. Our phylogenetic analysis of Idaho metopids indicates that the genera Metopus and Brachonella are both nonmonophyletic.

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Section: Inversus Metopus Striatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic and molecular description of Metopus fuscus Kahl from North America and new rDNA sequences from seven metopids (Armophorea, Metopidae)

Bourland

Wendell

Hampikian

2014

European Journal of Protistology

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“…1). Throughout this paper we follow the definition by Patten and Unitt (2002) of subspecies as a collection of populations in a given geographic range that differ in some fixed way (almost always phenotypically) from other populations but that are not reproductively isolated from one another. For any subspecies whose ranges meet, we expect there to be some level of gene flow; otherwise, we would label the populations as biological species (Mayr and Ashlock 1991).…”

Section: Señales Concordantes Y Discordantes Entre Datos Genéticos Y mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordant and Discordant Signals Between Genetic Data and Described Subspecies of Pacific Coast Song Sparrows

Pruett

Arcese

Chan

et al. 2008

Condor

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Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) provide one of North America's best examples of geographic variation in phenotype, with approximately 26 described subspecies recognized. However, researchers have found inconsistent signals when making comparisons between subspecies and genetic markers. We examined seven microsatellite loci from 576 Song Sparrows of 23 western North American populations representing 13 recognized subspecies. We assessed the level of concordance between microsatellite genotypes and subspecies. We found that in some, but not all, instances neutral genetic structure corresponded to recognized phenotypic structure. However, some populations not currently recognized as subspecies were found to be genetically differentiated from all other populations that are considered to be the same subspecies. We suggest that a combination of phenotypic characters, behavioral traits, and multiple loci be used when assessing geographic variation in birds, and that sampling should be conducted in more than one location within broadly distributed subspecies. Abstract. Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) provide one of North America's best examples of geographic variation in phenotype, with approximately 26 described subspecies recognized. However, researchers have found inconsistent signals when making comparisons between subspecies and genetic markers. We examined seven microsatellite loci from 576 Song Sparrows of 23 western North American populations representing 13 recognized subspecies. We assessed the level of concordance between microsatellite genotypes and subspecies. We found that in some, but not all, instances neutral genetic structure corresponded to recognized phenotypic structure. However, some populations not currently recognized as subspecies were found to be genetically differentiated from all other populations that are considered to be the same subspecies. We suggest that a combination of phenotypic characters, behavioral traits, and multiple loci be used when assessing geographic variation in birds, and that sampling should be conducted in more than one location within broadly distributed subspecies.

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“…o. caurina, S. o. occidentalis, and S. o. lucida, the Northern Spotted Owl, California Spotted Owl, and Mexican Spotted Owl. There has been substantial criticism of the subspecies concept (e.g., Wilson and Brown 1953, Selander 1971, Zink 2004, and some response to this criticism (Smith and White 1956, Parkes 1982, Patten and Unitt 2002, but this taxonomic level was included in the U. S. ESA, and the Northern Spotted Owl was originally listed as threatened at this taxonomic level. Thus we address whether existing data support designation of the Northern Spotted Owl as a distinct subspecies.…”

Section: Pair Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amadon (1949) derived the "75% rule" for delineation of subspecies, in which 75% of a population must be distinct or diagnosably different from 75% of the individuals of the other population. Patten and Unitt (2002) proposed formalizing the 75% rule, and provided a quantitative method for determining the validity of subspecies. Under their methods, "to be a valid subspecies 75% of a population must lie outside 99% of the range of other populations for a given defining character or set of characters."…”

Section: Traditional Subspeciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, unlike the biological species concept, this taxonomic level does not require reproductive isolation (i.e., a defined small level of hybridization or gene flow is allowed between subspecies). This rule has been applied sporadically, but increasingly, in the literature (e.g., Patten andUnitt 2002, Meijaard andGroves 2004), and it provides a quantitative method to evaluate distinctiveness and in which to make subspecies designations (Patten and Unitt 2002). Relevant morphological, genetic and ecological information about the Spotted Owl subspecies will be compared to the criteria of these definitions in order to ascertain the support for the subspecies status of the Northern Spotted Owl.…”

Section: Traditional Subspeciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest Structure Within Barred Owl (Strix varia) Home Ranges in the Eastern Cascade Range, Washington

Singleton

2015

Journal of Raptor Research

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Diagnosability Versus Mean Differences of Sage Sparrow Subspecies

Cited by 115 publications

References 30 publications

Morphologic and molecular description of Metopus fuscus Kahl from North America and new rDNA sequences from seven metopids (Armophorea, Metopidae)

Morphologic and molecular description of Metopus fuscus Kahl from North America and new rDNA sequences from seven metopids (Armophorea, Metopidae)

Concordant and Discordant Signals Between Genetic Data and Described Subspecies of Pacific Coast Song Sparrows

Forest Structure Within Barred Owl (Strix varia) Home Ranges in the Eastern Cascade Range, Washington

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