Diagenetic control of deformation mechanisms in deformation bands in a carbonate grainstone

Rath, Alexander; Exner, Ulrike; Tschegg, Cornelius; Grasemann, Bernhard; Laner, Richard; Draganits, Erich

doi:10.1306/01031110118

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…12). Rath et al (2011) also reported cataclastic deformation bands in carbonate grainstones without evidence for extensive pressure solution processes, suggesting cementation (yet preservation of high porosities) led to the transitioning from grain reorganization to cataclasis by increasing the yield strength of the host rock. We do not see evidence for a relationship between cementation and onset of cataclasis in the present study, since SCSBs and CCSBs appear to have formed coevally, and since there is no discernible contrast in the amount or spatial distribution of cement in the study area.…”

Section: Deformation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Tondi et al, 2006), (ii) strain hardening behaviour (Baud et al, 2009;Cilona et al, 2012;Ji et al, 2015), (iii) scaling properties , (iv) magnitude of displacement (e.g. Tondi et al, 2006;Antonellini et al, 2008), (v) failure modes (Vajdova et al, 2004;Baxevanis et al, 2006;Cilona et al, 2014), (vi) sensitivity to changes in porosity and the shape and size of grains Cilona et al, 2014), and (vii) porosity-permeability reduction (Rath et al, 2011;Antonellini et al, 2014a;Tondi et al, 2016). However, there are other aspects of carbonate deformation bands that make them different from deformation bands in porous sandstones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tondi et al, 2006;Tondi, 2007;Rustichelli et al, 2012). However, there are also studies that report non-cataclastic and cataclastic deformation bands in porous carbonate rocks where evidence for pressure-solution processes is absent (Rath et al, 2011). Furthermore, Antonellini et al (2014b) highlight a different micro-mechanism of deformation in carbonate rocks composed of soft micrite peloids, namely soft plastic deformation and subsequent smearing of the peloids, where grain crushing and pressure solution are subordinate micromechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, and as a consequence of the former two points, permeability heterogeneity forming at shallow burial depths is more of a concern in carbonate rocks than in sandstones; deformation bands dominated by pressure solution and cataclasis, which may form at near-surface burial depths in porous carbonate rocks, may reduce permeability by 1e4 orders of magnitude (Rath et al, 2011;Antonellini et al, 2014a;Tondi et al, 2016). In poorly consolidated sandstones at shallow burial on the other hand, deformation is dominated by non-cataclastic bands that generally have little influence on permeability (Fisher and Knipe, 2001;Fossen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In poorly consolidated sandstones at shallow burial on the other hand, deformation is dominated by non-cataclastic bands that generally have little influence on permeability (Fisher and Knipe, 2001;Fossen et al, 2007). Rath et al (2011) suggest that the reason for this difference may be that carbonates are able to accommodate strain by crystal plastic deformation (e.g. twinning, solution, and precipitation) already at shallow burial depths, in contrast to siliciclastic sediments where this is generally not possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Rotevatn¹,

Thorsheim²,

Bastesen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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a b s t r a c tDeformation bands in porous sandstones have been extensively studied for four decades, whereas comparatively less is known about deformation bands in porous carbonate rocks, particularly in extensional settings. Here, we investigate porous grainstones of the Globigerina Limestone Formation in Malta, which contain several types of deformation bands in the hangingwall of the Maghlaq Fault: (i) bed-parallel pure compaction bands (PCB); (ii) pressure solution-dominated compactive shear bands (SCSB) and iii) cataclasis-dominated compactive shear bands (CCSB). Geometric and kinematic analyses show that the bands formed sequentially in the hangingwall of the evolving Maghlaq growth fault. PCBs formed first due to fault-controlled subsidence and vertical loading; a (semi-)tectonic control on PCB formation is thus documented for the first time in an extensional setting. Pressure solution (dominating SCSBs) and cataclasis (dominating CCSBs) appear to have operated separately, and not in concert. Our findings therefore suggest that, in some carbonate rocks, cataclasis within deformation bands may develop irrespective of whether pressure solution processes are involved. We suggest this may be related to stress state, and that whereas pressure solution is a significant facilitator of grain size reduction in contractional settings, grain size reduction within deformation bands in extensional settings is less dependent on pressure solution processes.

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Section: Deformation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Rotevatn¹,

Thorsheim²,

Bastesen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Physical and Transport Property Variations Within Carbonate‐Bearing Fault Zones: Insights From the Monte Maggio Fault (Central Italy)

Trippetta

Carpenter

Mollo

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The physical characterization of carbonate‐bearing normal faults is fundamental for resource development and seismic hazard. Here we report laboratory measurements of density, porosity, Vp, Vs, elastic moduli, and permeability for a range of effective confining pressures (0.1–100 MPa), conducted on samples representing different structural domains of a carbonate‐bearing fault. We find a reduction in porosity from the fault breccia (11.7% total and 6.2% connected) to the main fault plane (9% total and 3.5% connected), with both domains showing higher porosity compared to the protolith (6.8% total and 1.1% connected). With increasing confining pressure, P wave velocity evolves from 4.5 to 5.9 km/s in the fault breccia, is constant at 5.9 km/s approaching the fault plane and is low (4.9 km/s) in clay‐rich fault domains. We find that while the fault breccia shows pressure sensitive behavior (a reduction in permeability from 2 × 10−16 to 2 × 10−17 m2), the cemented cataclasite close to the fault plane is characterized by pressure‐independent behavior (permeability 4 × 10−17 m2). Our results indicate that the deformation processes occurring within the different fault structural domains influence the physical and transport properties of the fault zone. In situ Vp profiles match well the laboratory measurements demonstrating that laboratory data are valuable for implications at larger scale. Combining the experimental values of elastic moduli and frictional properties it results that at shallow crustal levels, M ≤ 1 earthquakes are less favored, in agreement with earthquake‐depth distribution during the L'Aquila 2009 seismic sequence that occurred on carbonates.

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Mechanical behavior, failure mode, and transport properties in a porous carbonate

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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We performed a systematic investigation of mechanical compaction, strain localization, and permeability in Leitha limestone. This carbonate from the area of Vienna (Austria) occurs with a broad range of grain sizes and porosity, due to changes in depositional regime and degree of cementation. Our new mechanical data revealed a simple relation between porosity and mechanical strength in both the brittle and ductile regimes. Increasing cementation and decreasing porosity led to a significant increase of the rock strength in both regimes. Micromechanical modeling showed that the dominant micromechanisms of inelastic deformation in Leitha limestone are pore‐emanated microcracking in the brittle regime, and grain crushing and cataclastic pore collapse in the ductile regime. Microstructural analysis and X‐ray computed tomography revealed the development of compaction bands in some of the less cemented samples, while more cemented end‐members failed by cataclastic flow in the compactant regime. In contrast to mechanical strength, permeability of Leitha limestone was not significantly impacted by increasing cementation and decreasing porosity. Our microstructural and tomography data showed that this was essentially due to the existence of a backbone of connected large macropores in all our samples, which also explained the relatively high permeability (in the range of 2–5 darcies) of Leitha limestone in comparison to other carbonates with significant proportion of micropores.

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Diagenetic control of deformation mechanisms in deformation bands in a carbonate grainstone

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Physical and Transport Property Variations Within Carbonate‐Bearing Fault Zones: Insights From the Monte Maggio Fault (Central Italy)

Mechanical behavior, failure mode, and transport properties in a porous carbonate

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