Diagenesis of Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Smectites from Alternating Beds in Miocene to Pleistocene Rocks of the Niigata Basin, Japan

Abstract

Abstract--Clay mineral diagenesis in the Niigata basin is documented by mineralogical and chemical analysis of clay minerals from cuttings from the Shinkumoide SK-1D (SSK-1D) well which is characterized by alternating beds containing dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectite minerals with increasing depth. Dioctahedral smectite shows a progressive increase in illite interstratification with increasing depth. The transition of dioctahedral smectite to interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) is supported chemically by an increase in K and A1 and a decrease in Si with increasing depth. In contrast, trioctahedral smectite (saponite) reacts to form a 1:1 interstratified chlorite-smectite (C-S) with increasing burial depth and temperature. Considering the geology and the occurrence of smectite, the SSK-1D smectites probably altered diagenetically from two different parent materials: dioctahedral smectite is derived from clastic sediments and transforms to interstratified illite-smectite, whereas trioctahedral smectite is derived from andesitic pyroclastic rocks and transforms to interstratified chlorite-smectite.The C-S occurs at the same depth of --3200 m as the conversion of randomly interstratified (R = 0) I-S to (R = 1) I-S. Furthermore, the depth is compatible with a T~,~ temperature of 430-435~ which indicates the starting temperature for oil generation from organic matter. The temperature of the conversion of (R = 0) I-S to (R = 1) I-S and the start of corrensite formation is estimated at 110-120~ based on the time-temperature model suggested by others. The clay-mineral diagenesis in the SSK-1D further suggests that I-S and C-S can act as geothermometers in clastic and pyroclastic sediments provided that the effect of time is considered.

Structural-stratigraphic control on the Umitaka Spur gas hydrates of Joetsu Basin in the eastern margin of Japan Sea

“…Seismically, the Haizume Formation is characterized by strong and continuous reflectors, corresponding to the deposition of mainly clayey and silty sediments reported by Son et al (2001). Some reflectors are not continuous and stop in front of massive and chaotic zones.…”

“…Some of these faults belong to the rifting time, and were reactivated during the inversion tectonic process (Jolivet et al, 1994;Taira, 2001). The Haizume formation has been deposited since the late Pleistocene, and it is dominated mainly by clayey sediments (Son et al, 2001).…”

“…A 3-D seismic survey was conducted by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) in 2003 (Saeki et al, 2009), and two exploratory wells were drilled in 2004 on the spur to confirm the petroleum system (Okui et al, 2008;Son et al, 2001).…”

Smectite deposits in Marathon Valley, Endeavour Crater, Mars, identified using CRISM hyperspectral reflectance data

“…The mixing line between Espérance and Private Reuben Field, a representative light-toned breccia target from Marathon Valley, shows that the red pebble targets could contain as much as a third of Espérance-like material, which is consistent with the red zones being zones of increased aqueous alteration. Shown for reference are various mineral end-members and fields for natural terrestrial smectites from a variety of geological settings, taken from Kohyama, Shimoda, and Sudo [1973], Post [1984], Nadeau, Farmer, McHardy, and Bain [1985], Suquet and Pezerat [1987], Kodoma, Dekimpe, and Dejou [1988], Singh and Gilkes [1995], Post, Cupp, and Madsen [1997], Garvie and Metcalfe [1997], Pichler, Ridley, and Nelson [1999], Son, Yoshimura, and Fukasawa [2001], Vantelon et al [2001Vantelon et al [ , 2003, Gates, Slade, Manceau, and Lanson [2002], Parthasarathy et al [2003], Gates [2005], Yeniyol [2007], Wolters et al [2009], Miyoshi et al [2013], and Trieman et al [2014]. The ferric smectite field excludes one especially Al-rich sample, and the saponite/nontronite field excludes two especially Ca-rich samples.…”

Geochemical Analysis as a Complementary Tool to Estimate the Uplift of Sediments Caused by Shallow Gas Hydrates in Mounds at the Seafloor of Joetsu Basin, Eastern Margin of the Japan Sea

“…Some of these faults belong to the rifting time and were reactivated during the inversion tectonic process [9]. The Haizume formation has been deposited since the late Pleistocene, and it is dominated mainly by clayey sediments [10]. Umitaka Spur and Joetsu Knoll are two anticlines formed since the middle Pliocene with a regional NE-SW trend [11], located approximately 30 Km offshore Joetsu city (Figure 1).…”