Diabetic Retinopathy Leading to Blindness- A Review

Kaur, Amandeep; Kumar, Ranjeet; Sharma, Amit

doi:10.2174/0115733998274599231109034741

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Students and employed patients in our study showed a signi cantly better attitude towards diabetic foot care than unemployed ones. Having a job typically leads to higher income and potentially exposure to information related to better diabetic foot care practices which could translate into a more positive and clear attitude towards managing diabetes and diabetic foot care (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Footcare in Diabetic patients in Hammoud University Medical Center

Makari,

Saifeddine,

Masri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction and literature: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic heterogeneous disease that requires long-term management and is accompanied by several complications. Diabetic foot is one of the important complications encountered by diabetes. it arises to multiple vascular and neurological complications that diabetes results in. Patients need to be advised and follow the physicians' instructions to maintain the best outcomes. our study aims to tackle the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of diabetics regarding diabetic foot care at Hamoud Unversity Medical Center. Methods: a total of 108 patients in Hamoud University Medical Center were questioned after obtaining the hospital IRB approval. Results were entered and analyzed by Spss v23. quantitative data were analyzed as means and qualitative as frequencies and percentages. The scores were calculated into means, ANOVA, and t-tests were used to find correlations between scores and factors with significant p-values <0.05. Results: The study included 108 participants of mean age was 60.14 ±15.3. The majority of participants are males 64.8% ( n=70), and 34.3% (n=37) are of university level. out of diabetic complications, most are hypertensive. Patients were found to have good knowledge responses, some were with positive attitudes, and all were with bad practices. As for correlations, no statistically significant result was found in the knowledge section. Several factors were found with a positive relation in the attitude section as level of education and type of occupation. Lastly, also positive correlations were found in practices between several factors as duration of diabetes, occupation, and marital status with p-values <0.05. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is much more to learn and educate. Participants are aware of the dangers but do not follow proper health care services to prevent complications. Overall, the integration of both data sets reveals a multifaceted perspective among respondents, emphasizing the importance of tailored education, support, and interventions to promote adherence to foot care routines and optimize diabetes management outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Footcare in Diabetic patients in Hammoud University Medical Center

Makari,

Saifeddine,

Masri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The loss of pericytes and endothelial cells changes the architecture of the capillary vessels and causes microaneurysms within the retina, deterioration of the blood-retinal barrier, and retinal ischemia. Over time, retinal ischemia leads to the upregulation of angiogenic factors, such as the vascular endothelial Biomolecules 2024, 14, 525 2 of 14 growth factor (VEGF), and the downregulation of anti-angiogenic factors, such as the pigment epithelium-derived factor [2,5,6]. Increased VEGF signaling is strongly associated with increased vascular permeability via the breakdown of tight junctions, resulting in the leakage of blood and exudates from the retinal microvasculature [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Maintains Retinal Homeostasis after Ischemia/Reperfusion

Ng,

Cho,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Augmenting the natural melanocortin pathway in mouse eyes with uveitis or diabetes protects the retinas from degeneration. The retinal cells are protected from oxidative and apoptotic signals of death. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a therapeutic application of the melanocortin alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on an ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model of retinal degenerative disease. Eyes were subjected to an I/R procedure and were treated with α-MSH. Retinal sections were histopathologically scored. Also, the retinal sections were immunostained for viable ganglion cells, activated Muller cells, microglial cells, and apoptosis. The I/R caused retinal deformation and ganglion cell loss that was significantly reduced in I/R eyes treated with α-MSH. While α-MSH treatment marginally reduced the number of GFAP-positive Muller cells, it significantly suppressed the density of Iba1-positive microglial cells in the I/R retinas. Within one hour after I/R, there was apoptosis in the ganglion cell layer, and by 48 h, there was apoptosis in all layers of the neuroretina. The α-MSH treatment significantly reduced and delayed the onset of apoptosis in the retinas of I/R eyes. The results demonstrate that therapeutically augmenting the melanocortin pathways preserves retinal structure and cell survival in eyes with progressive neuroretinal degenerative disease.

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“…Hypoxia-induced retinal vessel growth characterizes several pathological and degenerative diseases of the retina among which retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by abnormal vascularization as a consequence of preterm birth ( Pascarella et al, 2024 ). Among neovascular diseases of the adult, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the more advanced stage of DR that is characterized by thin and weak blood vessels whose bleeding can cause scar tissue leading to retinal detachment ( Kaur et al, 2024 ). In addition, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) involves abnormal proliferation of choroidal vessels, which enter into the subretinal space through the Bruch’s membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A promising case of preclinical-clinical translation: β-adrenoceptor blockade from the oxygen-induced retinopathy model to retinopathy of prematurity

Cammalleri,

Filippi,

Dal Monte

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Although compartmentalization of the eye seems to promote its experimental manipulation, drug penetration to its posterior part is severely limited by hard barriers thus hindering drug development for eye diseases. In particular, angiogenesis-related retinal diseases share common mechanisms and are responsible for the majority of cases of blindness. Their prevalence is globally increasing mostly because of the increased incidence of systemic pathologies in the adult. Despite the number of preclinical findings demonstrating the efficacy of novel treatments, therapy of retinal neovascular diseases still remains confined to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments with some extension to anti-inflammatory therapy. In the mare magnum of preclinical findings aimed to develop novel avenues for future therapies, most compounds, despite their efficacy in experimental models, do not seem to meet the criteria for their therapeutic application. In particular, the groove between preclinical findings and their clinical application increases instead of decreasing and the attempt to bridging the gap between them creates intense frustration and a sense of defeat. In this complex scenario, we will discuss here the role that overactivation of the sympathetic system plays in retinal vessel proliferation in response to hypoxia using the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. The potential application of the beta-adrenoceptor (β-AR) blockade with propranolol to the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity will be also discussed in light of preclinical findings in the OIR model and clinical trials using propranolol in preterm infants either per os or as eye drops.

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Diabetic Retinopathy Leading to Blindness- A Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Footcare in Diabetic patients in Hammoud University Medical Center

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Footcare in Diabetic patients in Hammoud University Medical Center

Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Maintains Retinal Homeostasis after Ischemia/Reperfusion

A promising case of preclinical-clinical translation: β-adrenoceptor blockade from the oxygen-induced retinopathy model to retinopathy of prematurity

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