Diabetic Papillopathy: Diagnose and Treatment of A Rare Diabetes Mellitus Ocular Complication (A Literature Review)

Abstract

Diabetic papillopathy (DP) is a rare complication of DM that reduces the patient's visual function. Until now the lack number of studies, diagnosis, and treatment is still uncertain. Considering there still limitations of research on DP must continue to be explored as this literature is made. This study is a literature review that was carried out in 2022 to disclose more information on diabetic papillopathy. We searched for this topic using a systematic search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and SAGE review databases. Some of the keywords we used for the literature search were "diabetes mellitus," "diabetic papillopathy," and "optic disc edema." To this end, this literature review aims to present, examine, diagnose, and treat diabetic papillopathy. DP has intravitreous clinical signs such as optic disc swelling or atrophy which have many differential diagnoses. To eliminate this differential diagnosis it is important for a doctor to understand the patient's history as DP is a manifestation of complications of metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia). Investigations include ophthalmological testing, MRI, neuroimaging, and clinical evaluation for infection signs will aid in determining the diagnosis of DP and discover optic nerve injury. It should be noted that, a better understanding of DP can determine an appropriate, effective, and plan B therapy modality.