Abstract:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a highly prevalent disease worldwide with a renowned relation to cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. These diseases share a common pathophysiology including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis and genetic susceptibilities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is especially prevalent and more severe in type 2 diabetes. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease should have liver fibrosis assessment in order to identify those… Show more
“…In diabetic patients, fat accumulation and oxidative stress lead to fatty liver and nephropathy [ 33 ]. Therefore, the plasma concentrations of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were determined to preliminarily evaluate the effect of fermented SS on improving diabetic hepatopathy and nephropathy.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elevated cholesterol absorption and triglyceride synthesis are commonly observed in patients with diabetes, and fat accumulation in the liver and kidneys contributes to fatty liver, kidney disease, and weight gain in liver, kidney, and adipose tissue [ 16 , 33 , 44 ]. Consistent with previous studies showing the inhibitory effect of chitosan on intestinal lipogenesis and lipid absorption [ 31 , 47 ], fermented SS effectively inhibited weight gain, adipose tissue, liver, and kidney weights, and TC, TGs, HDL-C, and LDL-C without changing food intake.…”
In 2020, approximately 9.3 billion tons of crustaceans were consumed, and 45–48% of shrimp shell (SS) by-products were discarded as waste. In this study, the SS of Litopenaeus vannamei was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LV33204, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LV2122 (strong proteolytic activity), and Aeromonas dhakensis LV1111 (chitin-degrading activity), and the optimal fermentation conditions of liquid-fermented SS was established. Contents of total peptide, astaxanthin, and total phenolic content of the fermented SS were significantly higher than that of unfermented SS. In the presence of fermented SS, glucose uptake and insulin resistance of TNF-α-stimulated FL83B hepatocytes were markedly improved. Furthermore, daily oral supplement of fermented SS to streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats for 7 weeks significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, ingestion of fermented SS might enhance hepatic catabolism of glucose by increasing hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreasing glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, the fermented SS downregulated plasma total cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver TG, and TC and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, a biorefinery process for waste SS was established through mixed strain fermentation. The in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the fermented SS is a promising functional food for the management of diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
“…In diabetic patients, fat accumulation and oxidative stress lead to fatty liver and nephropathy [ 33 ]. Therefore, the plasma concentrations of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were determined to preliminarily evaluate the effect of fermented SS on improving diabetic hepatopathy and nephropathy.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elevated cholesterol absorption and triglyceride synthesis are commonly observed in patients with diabetes, and fat accumulation in the liver and kidneys contributes to fatty liver, kidney disease, and weight gain in liver, kidney, and adipose tissue [ 16 , 33 , 44 ]. Consistent with previous studies showing the inhibitory effect of chitosan on intestinal lipogenesis and lipid absorption [ 31 , 47 ], fermented SS effectively inhibited weight gain, adipose tissue, liver, and kidney weights, and TC, TGs, HDL-C, and LDL-C without changing food intake.…”
In 2020, approximately 9.3 billion tons of crustaceans were consumed, and 45–48% of shrimp shell (SS) by-products were discarded as waste. In this study, the SS of Litopenaeus vannamei was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LV33204, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LV2122 (strong proteolytic activity), and Aeromonas dhakensis LV1111 (chitin-degrading activity), and the optimal fermentation conditions of liquid-fermented SS was established. Contents of total peptide, astaxanthin, and total phenolic content of the fermented SS were significantly higher than that of unfermented SS. In the presence of fermented SS, glucose uptake and insulin resistance of TNF-α-stimulated FL83B hepatocytes were markedly improved. Furthermore, daily oral supplement of fermented SS to streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats for 7 weeks significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, ingestion of fermented SS might enhance hepatic catabolism of glucose by increasing hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreasing glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, the fermented SS downregulated plasma total cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver TG, and TC and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, a biorefinery process for waste SS was established through mixed strain fermentation. The in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the fermented SS is a promising functional food for the management of diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
“…Previous studies suggested that NAFLD increases the risk of DKD through insulin resistance and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. 24 , 25 Therefore, without conditioning on NAFLD, there is a positive correlation between ALT activity and DKD risk ( Figure 3 ). Figure 3 The possible mechanism by which elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (>50IU/L) increases the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).…”
Aim
Multiple studies have investigated the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and diabetes mellitus (DM); however, only a few studies have specifically examined the relationship between ALT and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ALT and DKD using clinical data.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 668 individuals that included non-DM (N=281), DM without DKD (N=160), and DKD (N=227) patients. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to examine the dose–response relationship between ALT and DKD risk. We also analyzed the data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018 using the same statistical methods; 4481, 1110, and 671 individuals were included in the non-DM, DM without DKD, and DKD groups, respectively.
Results
The changes in ALT activity among the non-DM, DM without DKD, and DKD groups showed a similar pattern in both our clinical data and the NHANES dataset. ALT activity increases with the onset of DM, whereas ALT activity decreases when DM progresses to DKD. The GAM revealed a nonlinear
U
-shaped relationship between ALT and DKD risk in the two datasets, and the lowest range of ALT was 40–50 IU/L. Both lower (<40 IU/L) and higher (>50 IU/L) ALT activity were found to be positively associated with DKD risk.
Conclusion
A
U
-shaped nonlinear association between ALT and DKD was found in our clinical data and NHANES data. DKD risk was increased by both lower or higher ALT activity. To confirm the causality of nonlinear relationship, larger prospective studies or Mendelian randomization analysis are required.
“…En ese sentido la asociación de tanto la enfermedad renal diabética y la polineuropatía diabéticas en pacientes con DM2 con MASH y fibrosis avanzada es un área de investigación a futuro pues su conocimiento tendrá una gran importancia en el proceso diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento por la relación de estas complicaciones crónicas de la DM y mayor riesgo de desarrollo de fibrosis hepática (29) . Nosotros encontramos que la HTA se asociaba con la MASLD (p<0,05).…”
Objetivos: Determinar factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, antropométricos, bioquímico-metabólicos, clínicos y comorbilidades asociadas a fibrosis avanzada por enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Material y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Se revisaron 174 historias clínicas de pacientes con enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo de 2009 a 2018. Los casos fueron pacientes con fibrosis avanzada y los controles sin fibrosis. La presencia de fibrosis avanzada fue definida por paneles clínicos predictores y/o resultado de biopsia hepática. Para determinar asociación se calculó odds ratio, chi cuadrado de Pearson y análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: Se encontró asociación con edad > 60 años, un índice de masa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2, perímetro abdominal en varones ≥ 94 cm y perímetro abdominal ≥ 88 cm en mujeres, tiempo de enfermedad de diabetes > 10 años; complicaciones crónicas microvasculares; HDL en mujeres < 50 mg/dl, HDL en varones < 40 mg/dL y albumina < 3,5 g/dL. Sobre comorbilidades hubo asociación con enfermedad renal crónica e hipertensión arterial. Tras análisis de regresión logística se mantuvieron como factores de riesgo independientes edad > 60 años, índice de masa corporal elevado, perímetro abdominal en mujeres, HDL bajo en mujeres, complicaciones crónicas microvasculares e hipertensión. Conclusiones: Se encontraron como factores de riesgo de fibrosis avanzada, edad mayor a 60 años, índice de masa corporal elevado, perímetro abdominal ≥ 88 cm en mujeres, complicaciones crónicas microvasculares, nivel bajo de HDL en mujeres e hipertensión arterial como principal comorbilidad.
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