Diabetic eye: associated diseases, drugs in clinic, and role of self-assembled carriers in topical treatment

Kattar, Axel; Concheiro, Angel; Alvarez‐Lorenzo, Carmen

doi:10.1080/17425247.2021.1953466

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…In the case of topical application, tear dilution, tear turnover, and lacrimation are major obstacles resulting in decreased drug permeation. 89 Further challenges include variable dosage applied by patients' technique and variable dosage absorption depending on individuals' anterior surface status.…”

Section: Port Delivery System (Susvimo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effective nonintravitreal DDS to targeted retinal tissues is a major challenge due to the complex structure of the eye that inhibits deep drug penetration. In the case of topical application, tear dilution, tear turnover, and lacrimation are major obstacles resulting in decreased drug permeation 89 . Further challenges include variable dosage applied by patients’ technique and variable dosage absorption depending on individuals’ anterior surface status.…”

Section: Nonintravitreal Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Drug Delivery Methods and Approaches for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

Ham¹,

Mehta

Kang-Mieler

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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This review discusses emerging approaches to ocular drug delivery for retinal diseases. Intravitreal injections have proven to be an effective, safe, and commonly used drug delivery method. However, the optimal management of chronic retinal diseases requires frequent intravitreal injections over extended periods of time. Although this can be achieved in a clinical trial environment, it is difficult to replicate in routine clinical practice. In addition, frequent treatment increases the risk of complications, incurs more costs, and increases the treatment burden for patients and caregivers. Given the aging global population and diabetes pandemic, there is an urgent need for drug delivery methods that support more durable retinal therapy while maintaining the efficacy and safety of currently available intravitreal therapies. Several innovative drug delivery methods are currently being investigated. These include sustained-release implants and depots using prodrugs, microparticles, and hydrogels, surgically implanted reservoirs, gene therapy via submacular injections or suprachoroidal injections, as well as topical and systemic therapies.

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Section: Port Delivery System (Susvimo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonintravitreal Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Drug Delivery Methods and Approaches for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

Ham¹,

Mehta

Kang-Mieler

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…At any stage of both proliferative and non-proliferative DR, patients can develop DME. DME is a complication of DR resulting from outer BRB disruption due to damaged endothelial tight junctions, allowing extravasation and accumulation of fluid in the macula and consequently vision loss [ 105 , 110 ]. The first clinical stage, mild non-proliferative DR, is identified by the formation of microaneurysms or small haemorrhage spots in the retina, which may lead to exudation and DME, and/or become more diffuse and severe, reaching a preproliferative stage or moderate/severe nonproliferative DR.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edemamentioning

confidence: 99%

AAV-Based Strategies for Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases: Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy Therapies

Castro,

Steel,

Layton

2023

BioDrugs

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are vascular diseases with high prevalence, ranking among the leading causes of blindness and vision loss worldwide. Despite being effective, current treatments for AMD and DR are burdensome for patients and clinicians, resulting in suboptimal compliance and real risk of vision loss. Thus, there is an unmet need for long-lasting alternatives with improved safety and efficacy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the leading vector for ocular gene delivery, given its ability to enable long-term expression while eliciting relatively mild immune responses. Progress has been made in AAV-based gene therapies for not only inherited retinal diseases but also acquired conditions with preclinical and clinical studies of AMD and DR showing promising results. These studies have explored several pathways involved in the disease pathogenesis, as well as different strategies to optimise gene delivery. These include engineered capsids with enhanced tropism to particular cell types, and expression cassettes incorporating elements for a targeted and controlled expression. Multiple-acting constructs have also been investigated, in addition to gene silencing and editing. Here, we provide an overview of strategies employing AAV-mediated gene delivery to treat AMD and DR. We discuss preclinical efficacy studies and present the latest data from clinical trials for both diseases. Graphical Abstract

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“…Hydrophilic molecules can be encapsulated into the core region, while hydrophobic molecules can be encapsulated in lipid bilayers. 62 Currently, liposomes are widely used for the delivery of different drugs, 60 therapeutic agents 63 , 64 and genes 65 to the eye.…”

Section: Different Forms Of Ons For Cnv Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Novel Ocular Nanosystems with Possible Benefits in the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization

Zhang¹,

Yin²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

IJN

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Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is an ocular pathological change that results from an imbalance between angiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors as a result of various ocular insults, including infection, inflammation, hypoxia, trauma, corneal degeneration, and corneal transplantation. Current clinical strategies for the treatment of CNV include pharmacological treatment and surgical intervention. Despite some degree of success, the current treatment strategies are restricted by limited efficacy, adverse effects, and a short duration of action. Recently, gene-based antiangiogenic therapy has become an emerging strategy that has attracted considerable interest. However, potential complications with the use of viral vectors, such as potential genotoxicity resulting from long-term expression and nonspecific targeting, cannot be ignored. The use of ocular nanosystems (ONS) based on nanotechnology has emerged as a great advantage in ocular disease treatment during the last two decades. The potential functions of ONS range from nanocarriers, which deliver drugs and genes to target sites in the eye, to therapeutic agents themselves. Various preclinical studies conducted to date have demonstrated promising results of the use of ONS in the treatment of CNV. In this review, we provide an overview of CNV and its current therapeutic strategies and summarize the properties and applications of various ONS related to the treatment of CNV reported to date. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review of these considerable advances in ONS in the field of CNV therapy over the past two decades to fill the gaps in previous related reports. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future perspectives of the use of ONS in CNV therapy, with the goal of providing a theoretical contribution to facilitate future practical growth in the area.

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Diabetic eye: associated diseases, drugs in clinic, and role of self-assembled carriers in topical treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 153 publications

Novel Drug Delivery Methods and Approaches for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

Novel Drug Delivery Methods and Approaches for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

AAV-Based Strategies for Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases: Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy Therapies

An Update on Novel Ocular Nanosystems with Possible Benefits in the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization

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