Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief summary on lipid toxicity

Ke, Jiahan; Pan, Jianan; Lin, Hao; Gu, Jun

doi:10.1002/ehf2.14224

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…However, the patient had a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control (HbA1C 10.2 mmol/mol) and a history of substance abuse requiring buprenorphine maintenance therapy. Diabetes mellitus in general is a risk factor for cardiomyopathy, in particular type 1 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control is a risk for cardiac autoimmunity [ 69 , 70 ]. Furthermore, viral infections are the most commonly reported cause of myocarditis in the United States [ 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Safety of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators in Healthy Adults: Implications for Recreational Users

Vignali

Pak

Beverley

et al. 2023

JoX

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Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are not FDA approved, and obtaining SARMs for personal use is illegal. Nevertheless, SARM use is increasingly popular amongst recreational athletes. Recent case reports of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and tendon rupture raise serious concerns for the safety of recreational SARM users. On 10 November 2022 PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies that reported safety data of SARMs. A multi-tiered screening approach was utilized, and any study or case report of generally healthy individuals exposed to any SARM was included. Thirty-three studies were included in the review with 15 case reports or case series and 18 clinical trials (total patients N = 2136 patients, exposed to SARM N = 1447). There were case reports of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) (N = 15), Achilles tendon rupture (N = 1), rhabdomyolysis (N = 1), and mild reversible liver enzyme elevation (N = 1). Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was commonly reported in clinical trials in patients exposed to SARM (mean 7.1% across trials). Two individuals exposed to GSK2881078 in a clinical trial were reported to have rhabdomyolysis. Recreational SARM use should be strongly discouraged, and the risks of DILI, rhabdomyolysis, and tendon rupture should be emphasized. However, despite warnings, if a patient refuses to discontinue SARM use, ALT monitoring or dose reduction may improve early detection and prevention of DILI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Safety of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators in Healthy Adults: Implications for Recreational Users

Vignali

Pak

Beverley

et al. 2023

JoX

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“…Hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency, in this model, remain the two major key events responsible for cardiac damage during the development and progression of T1DM [10]. Both factors generate large quantities of ROS and promote lipotoxicity in the heart by shifting the cardiac metabolism toward a reduction in glucose utilization and increasing the uptake and oxidation of FFAs [39,40]. In addition, hyperlipidemia is considered an independent factor for ischemic heart disease [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esculeoside A Decreases Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis: Impressive Role of Nrf2

ALTamimi,

AlFaris,

Alshammari

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: This experiment evaluated the preventative influence of the tomato-derived Esculeoside A (ESA) on diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). It also examined whether the activation of Nrf2 signaling affords this protection. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar control nondiabetic rats and rats with T1DM (STZ-T1DM) were given either carboxymethylcellulose as a vehicle or ESA (100 mg/kg) (eight rats/group) orally daily for 12 weeks. A group of STZ-T1DM rats was also treated with 100 mg/kg ESA and co-treated i.p. with 2 mg/kg (twice/week), brusatol, and Nrf2 inhibitors for 12 weeks. Results and Conclusions: Treatment with ESA prevented the gain in heart weight and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and improved the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function (LV) in the STZ-T1DM rat group. Likewise, it reduced their serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), as well as their LV mRNA, cytoplasmic total, and nuclear total levels of NF-κB. ESA also reduced the total levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukine-6 (IL-6), Bax, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3 in the LV of the STZ-T1DM rats. In parallel, ESA enhanced the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2 and the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and heme oxygenase-1, but decreased the mRNA and cytoplasmic levels of keap-1 in the LVs of the STZ-T1DM rats. Interestingly, ESA did not affect the fasting insulin and glucose levels of the diabetic rats. All of these beneficially protective effects of ESA were not seen in the ESA-treated rats that received brusatol. In conclusion, ESA represses diabetic cardiomyopathy in STZ-diabetic hearts by activating the Nrf2/antioxidant/NF-κB axis.

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“…On the other hand, hyperglycemia by itself can induce glucotoxicity and stimulate the protein glycation and the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn contribute to cardiac stiffness and impairment of diastolic relaxation by increasing connective tissue crosslinking and promoting ROS production, oxidative stress, and inflammation [ 53 , 57 ]. Nonetheless, the higher uptake of FFA uptake reduces glucose (expression of GLUT4), impairs insulin signaling and uptake, and promotes cardiac lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation by increasing levels of TGs, CHOL, and other lipid metabolites such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides [ 58 ]. However, insulin injections, as well as stimulating insulin release or reducing circulatory glucose and lipid levels with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents, have been shown to protect against DCM in diabetic subjects and animal models with T1DM and T2DM [ 3 , 10 , 56 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of 11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Rats Entails Activation of AMPK

et al. 2023

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This study examined the protective effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) in rats and examined the possible mechanisms of action. Male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/each): (1) control, AKBA (10 mg/kg, orally), STZ (65 mg/kg, i.p.), STZ + AKBA (10 mg/kg, orally), and STZ + AKBA + compound C (CC/an AMPK inhibitor, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.). AKBA improved the structure and the systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricles (LVs) of STZ rats. It also attenuated the increase in plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and free fatty acids (FFAs) in these diabetic rats. AKBA stimulated the ventricular activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC); increased levels of malonyl CoA; and reduced levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), indicating improvement in glucose and FA oxidation. It also reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); increased mitochondria efficiency and ATP production; stimulated mRNA, total, and nuclear levels of Nrf2; increased levels of glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT); but reduced the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and levels of tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These effects were concomitant with increased activities of AMPK in the LVs of the control and STZ-diabetic rats. Treatment with CC abolished all these protective effects of AKBA. In conclusion, AKBA protects against DC in rats, mainly by activating the AMPK-dependent control of insulin release, cardiac metabolism, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief summary on lipid toxicity

Cited by 12 publications

References 158 publications

Systematic Review of Safety of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators in Healthy Adults: Implications for Recreational Users

Systematic Review of Safety of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators in Healthy Adults: Implications for Recreational Users

Esculeoside A Decreases Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis: Impressive Role of Nrf2

The Protective Effect of 11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Rats Entails Activation of AMPK

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