Diabetes: the cost of illness in Sweden

Henriksson,; Jønsson,

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00388.x

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While the economic aspects of Type II diabetes have been widely studied in the United States, information from Europe has been fairly limited until recently. There have been a few studies from European countries, for example two from Sweden [13,14] and two from the United Kingdom [15,16]. Although the information is difficult to compare and contrast, due to inconsistencies in re-B.…”

Section: :S5-s 12]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe

2002

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Aims/hypothesis. 'The Cost of Diabetes in EuropeType II study' is the first coordinated attempt to measure total healthcare costs of Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus in Europe. The study evaluated more than 7000 patients with Type II diabetes in eight countries -Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Methods. A bottom-up, prevalence-based design was used, which optimised the collection of data at the national level while maintaining maximum international comparability. Effort was made to ensure consistency in terms of data specification, data collection tools and methods, sampling design, and the analysis and reporting of results. Results are reported for individual countries and in aggregate for the total study population. Results. The total direct medical costs of Type II diabetes in the eight European countries was estimated at EUR 29 billion a year (1999 values). The estimated average yearly cost per patient was EUR 2834 a year. Of these costs, hospitalisations accounted for the greatest proportion (55%, range 30-65%) totalling EUR 15.9 billion for the eight countries. During the 6-month evaluation period, 13% of the Type II diabetic patients were hospitalised, with an average of 23 days in hospital projected annually. In contrast, drug costs for managing Type II diabetes were relatively low, with antidiabetic drugs and insulin accounting for only 7% of the total healthcare costs for Type 11 diabetes. Conclusionlinterpretation. Type 11 diabetes mellitus is a common disease and the prevalence is expected to increase considerably in the future, especially in developing countries. Current comprehensive economic data on the costs of diabetes are required for policy decisions to optimise resource allocation and to evaluate different approaches for disease management. [Diabetologia (2002) 45:S5-S 12]

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Section: :S5-s 12]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe

2002

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“…Estimations of indirect costs are not often performed, and findings diverge, ranging anywhere from 30 to 55% of total costs (4,7,11,(52)(53)(54)(55). Similarly, intangible costs connected to diabetes were not included.…”

Section: Oliva and Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Health Care Costs of Diabetic Patients in Spain

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE -The goal of this study was to estimate the health care resources spent by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in Spain during the year 2002. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-This is a cost-of-illness study focusing on direct health care costs estimated from primary and secondary sources of information. A prevalence of diabetes ranging from 5 to 6% of the adult population was determined. Total cost is composed of six items: insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, other drugs, disposable and consumable goods (glucose test strips, needles, and syringes), hospitalization, primary care visits, and visits to endocrinologists and dialysis.RESULTS -The estimated direct cost of diabetes in 2002 ranges from €2.4 to 2.67 billion. Hospital costs were the most (€933 million), followed by noninsulin, nonhypoglycemic agent drugs (€777-932 million). Much lower are the costs of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents (€311 million), primary care visits (€181-272 million), specialized visits (€127-145 million), and disposable elements (€70 -81 million). Expenditures for all drugs and consumable goods ranged between €1.16 and 1.3 billion, representing 48 -49% of total cost, which is 15% higher than hospital costs.CONCLUSIONS -The direct health care costs of diabetic patients are high (6.3-7.4% of total National Health System expenditure). Their average annual cost is €1,290 -1,476. For individuals without diabetes, the average annual cost is €865.

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“…Improvements in the treatment of complications can reduce the indirect costs." This conclusion was reiterated in more recent articles (37). The advancements made by organizations such as the Pennsylvania Health Care Containment Council (38), which includes diabetes control benchmarks in quality improvement activities, could be enhanced if insurers would encourage the use of DDMPs for all of their patients to control diabetes-related costs.…”

Section: Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with diabetes disease management.

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction with diabetes disease management programs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Questions related to structure, process, and outcomes were categorized into 14 domains defining the essential elements of diabetes disease management. Health professionals confirmed the content validity. Face validity was established by a patient focus group. The questionnaire was mailed to 711 patients with diabetes who participated in a disease management program. To reduce the number of questionnaire items, a principal components analysis was performed using a varimax rotation. The Scree test was used to select significant components. To further assess reliability and validity; Cronbach's alpha and product-moment correlations were calculated for components having > or =3 items with loadings >0.50. RESULTS: The validated 73-item mailed satisfaction survey had a 34.1% response rate. Principal components analysis yielded 13 components with eigenvalues > 1.0. The Scree test proposed a 6-component solution (39 items), which explained 59% of the total variation. Internal consistency reliabilities computed for the first 6 components (alpha = 0.79-0.95) were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The final questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Evaluation Tool (DMET), was designed to assess patient satisfaction with diabetes disease management programs. Although more extensive testing of the questionnaire is appropriate, preliminary reliability and validity of the DMET has been demonstrated.

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Diabetes: the cost of illness in Sweden

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe

Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe

Direct Health Care Costs of Diabetic Patients in Spain

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with diabetes disease management.

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