Diabetes, sugar-coated but harmful to the brain

Starr, Vanessa; Convit, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2007.10.007

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our findings show that disruption of circadian timing results in changes in body temperature, increased obesity, and changes in the metabolic hormones, leptin and insulin, which themselves have effects on cognition and mood (36)(37)(38)(39)(40). The metabolic effects are accompanied by changes in mPFC neuronal morphology, with layer III neurons showing a reduction in overall complexity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior

Karatsoreos

Bhagat

Bloss

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

466

365

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Circadian (daily) rhythms are present in almost all plants and animals. In mammals, a brain clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus maintains synchrony between environmental light/ dark cycles and physiology and behavior. Over the past 100 y, especially with the advent of electric lighting, modern society has resulted in a round-the-clock lifestyle, in which natural connections between rest/activity cycles and environmental light/dark cycles have been degraded or even broken. Instances in which rapid changes to sleep patterns are necessary, such as transmeridian air travel, demonstrate negative effects of acute circadian disruption on physiology and behavior. However, the ramifications of chronic disruption of the circadian clock for mental and physical health are not yet fully understood. By housing mice in 20-h light/dark cycles, incongruous with their endogenous ∼24-h circadian period, we were able to model the effects of chronic circadian disruption noninvasively. Housing in these conditions results in accelerated weight gain and obesity, as well as changes in metabolic hormones. In the brain, circadian-disrupted mice exhibit a loss of dendritic length and decreased complexity of neurons in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, a brain region important in executive function and emotional control. Disrupted animals show decreases in cognitive flexibility and changes in emotionality consistent with the changes seen in neural architecture. How our findings translate to humans living and working in chronic circadian disruption is unknown, but we believe that this model can provide a foundation to understand how environmental disruption of circadian rhythms impacts the brain, behavior, and physiology.cognitive function | neuronal remodeling | structural plasticity | biological clock C ircadian (daily) rhythms in physiology and behavior are phylogenetically ancient and are present in almost all plants and animals (1). In mammals, these rhythms are generated by a master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which in turn synchronizes peripheral oscillators throughout the brain and body in almost all cell types and organ systems (2). Though circadian rhythms are phylogenetically ancient, modern industrialized society and the ubiquity of electric lighting has resulted in a fundamental alteration in the relationship between an individual's endogenous circadian rhythmicity and the external environment. The ramifications of this desynchronization for mental and physical health are not fully understood, although numerous lines of evidence are emerging that link defects in circadian timing with negative health outcomes (2, 3). Animal models have shown that chronic circadian disruption can alter mortality rates in tau mutant hamsters (4) and in aged mice (5). The current obesity epidemic in Western societies has also occurred hand-inhand with a gradual decrease in sleep time and sleep quality (6), and although largely correlative, a potential causal link is plausible. Indivi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior

Karatsoreos

Bhagat

Bloss

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

466

365

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, diabetes can exacerbate heart disease and hypertension, both of which negatively impact brain health. Specifically, insulin resistance associated with endothelial function and vascular reactivity can impair delivery of substrates (e.g., nutrients) across the bloodYbrain barrier (Starr & Convit, 2007). Second, type 2 diabetes is associated with altered cortisol levels, inflammation, obesity, and hypothalamic adrenocortical axis abnormalities; these conditions are known to exert an adverse effect on brain health (Bruehl et al, 2009;Starr & Convit, 2007).…”

Section: Diabetes and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities and Cognitive Functioning

Vance

Larsen

Eagerton

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuroscience Nursing

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Optimal cognitive functioning is necessary to successfully negotiate one's environment, yet medical conditions can interfere with brain health, thus negatively impacting cognitive functioning. Such comorbidities include hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, depression, and HIV, as well as others. The physiological properties of these comorbidities can reduce one's cognitive reserve and limit one's cognitive efficiency. This article provides an overview of a few common comorbidities known to affect cognitive functioning and addresses ways in which cognitive functioning may be ameliorated and protected or mitigated in lieu of cognitive declines in such clinical populations. Implications for nursing practice and research are posited.

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“…However, the potential unfortunate outcome of these ‘mild’ cognitive deficits in T1D patients is a predisposition for more rapid deterioration of cognitive function in later life. Indeed, cumulative CNS complications in the hippocampus may lead to cognitive decline, as well as increased risk for neurological comorbidities [35,50]. …”

Section: Type 1 Diabetes and Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A look inside the diabetic brain: Contributors to diabetes-induced brain aging

Wrighten

Piroli

Grillo

et al. 2009

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

169

120

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Central nervous system (CNS) complications resulting from diabetes is a problem that is gaining more acceptance and attention. Recent evidence suggests morphological, electrophysiological and cognitive changes, often observed in the hippocampus, in diabetic individuals. Many of the CNS changes observed in diabetic patients and animal models of diabetes are reminiscent of the changes seen in normal aging. The central commonalities between diabetes-induced and age-related CNS changes have led to the theory of advanced brain aging in diabetic patients. This review summarizes the findings of the literature as they relate to the relationship between diabetes and dementia and discusses some of the potential contributors to diabetes-induced CNS impairments.

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Diabetes, sugar-coated but harmful to the brain

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior

Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior

Comorbidities and Cognitive Functioning

A look inside the diabetic brain: Contributors to diabetes-induced brain aging

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