Diabetes, Sports and Exercise

Esefeld, Katrin; Kreß, Stephan; Behrens, Meinolf; Zimmer, Peter; Stümvoll, Michael; Thurm, Ulrike; Gehr, Bernhard; Brinkmann, Christian; Halle, Martin

doi:10.1055/a-1284-6097

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition to a healthy diet, exercise training is a cornerstone in managing type 2 diabetes and can prevent its onset and progression [ 2 ]. Exercise has acute effects on skeletal muscle glucose uptake [ 15 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Combining Carbohydrate Restriction and Exercise I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining Exercise and Carbohydrate Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Critical Look at Possible Intervention Effects

Akrimi

Brinkmann

2022

IJERPH

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Combining regular exercise and a healthy diet is recommended in international guidelines to fight type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low- and very low-carbohydrate diets have attracted attention in the last years. This article takes a critical look at the possible effects when regular exercise and carbohydrate restriction are combined. An increased intervention effect on the oxidative capacity as well as glucose and lipid profiles can be assumed (at least for a short period of time). However, anabolic signaling pathways might be blunted during a very low-carbohydrate diet and increasing ketosis. Thus, muscle build-up can become difficult or impossible. Furthermore, maximal performance during high-intensity workouts may be attenuated due to a possible reduced anaerobic glycolysis and metabolic inflexibility in T2DM patients. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of this combination in comparison to those of exercise and other types of diet.

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Section: Effects Of Combining Carbohydrate Restriction and Exercise I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, effective interventional strategies to fight T2DM are urgently needed. Lifestyle interventions combining physical activity programs and a healthy diet are recommended in diabetes guidelines [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Exercise and Carbohydrate Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Critical Look at Possible Intervention Effects

Akrimi

Brinkmann

2022

IJERPH

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“…Given the benefits of regular physical exercise in T2DM patients (5) and the increasing interest in DS intake (6)(7)(8), the aim of this systematic review is to shed light on the effects of physical exercise programs combined with DS intake on health outcomes in T2DM patients, primarily on BMI, body fat mass, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, the lipid profile, oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity and/or inflammatory markers/molecules. These variables may predict diabetes complications, adverse cardiovascular events and mortality (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular physical activity does not only help prevent the onset of T2DM but can also improve T2DM variables, such as body mass index (BMI), glycemic control and variability, insulin sensitivity, the lipid profile, oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity and/or chronic inflammation ( 4 , 5 ). Therefore, increasing daily physical activity and structured exercise programs are recommended in the therapy of T2DM ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPhysical training can improve several health variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A growing body of studies also finds a positive influence of dietary supplement (DS) intake. The aim of this review is to shed light on the possible effects of training interventions combined with DS intake in T2DM patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed and BISp Surf databases. Inclusion criteria were defined using the Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) scheme. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for quality assessment and risk of bias analysis.ResultsTen controlled interventional studies with a total number of 643 subjects met the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the effects of (a) vitamin D (VD), (b) VD + whey protein, (c) polyphenol containing antioxidant capsules, (d) creatine, (e) L-arginine, (f) leucine-rich amino acids, and (g) broccoli sprouts powder. Eight studies investigated effects on one or more of the following health outcomes: body mass index, fat mass, insulin resistance, glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity and/or inflammatory markers/molecules. Five of the studies show clear superior effects of physical training combined with DS intake (supplements a, b, c, e) on some of these variables compared with training only. However, one study indicates that VD intake might attenuate the training effects on triglyceride levels. Another study found that training + VD + whey protein intake increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels in T2DM patients. The effects of training combined with DS intake on renal function (supplement d) or incretin metabolism (supplement a) were investigated in two further studies. These studies do not show any additional effects of DS intake. The quality of the majority of the studies was high.ConclusionDS intake can potentially increase the benefits of physical training for specific health outcomes in T2DM patients. However, negative effects can also be observed. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms behind potential synergistic or divergent effects of exercise training and DS use in T2DM should be explored in detail in future studies for the development of safe recommendations.

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“…Diabetes is the most common endocrine and metabolic disease caused by absolute or insufficient insulin secretion [ 10 ]. The traditional diabetes treatment medications mainly focus on insulin secretion and sensitization, which brings adverse side effects to patients, resulting in drug treatment incompliance and failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics Analysis of Exercise-Related Biomarkers in Diabetes

et al. 2022

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Background. Exercise is a regular behavioral activity that not only helps to lose weight but also reduces the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Diabetes is a common disease that plagues human health. It is shown that regular exercise can improve the insulin sensitivity of diabetic patients and have an important function in adjuvant therapy. Methods. We downloaded the GSE101931 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, 10 samples were obtained from the GSE101931 dataset, including 5 before exercise and 5 postexercise samples, and GEO2R was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited by a heat map. Then, the enrichment analysis of DEGs in Gene Ontology (GO) function was analyzed by Metascape, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of DEGs was also analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network maps were drawn, and the hub genes were identified through Metascape. Finally, the expressions of the hub genes in the dataset were analyzed. Results. Totally, 116 upregulated DEGs and 1017 downregulated DEGs were identified from these data. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway and mRNA processing. Then, the GSEA analysis showed that 6 KEGG pathways were associated with postexercise prediabetic samples, namely, ABC transporters, focal adhesion, MAPK signaling pathway, prion diseases, melanogenesis, and gap junction. Afterward, three hub genes (HSPA8, STIP1, and HSPH1) were highly expressed after exercise through the box plot analysis. Conclusion. A myriad of research results confirms that there is a certain connection between exercise and diabetes, which provides a favorable basis for emerging exercise into the treatment of diabetic patients.

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Diabetes, Sports and Exercise

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Combining Exercise and Carbohydrate Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Critical Look at Possible Intervention Effects

Combining Exercise and Carbohydrate Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Critical Look at Possible Intervention Effects

Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes

Bioinformatics Analysis of Exercise-Related Biomarkers in Diabetes

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