Diabetes Prevalence by Leisure-, Transportation-, and Occupation-Based Physical Activity Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse U.S. Adults

Abstract

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been shown to prevent or delay the development of diabetes. However, little research exists examining how other domains of PA (e.g., occupation based [OPA] and transportation based [TPA]) are associated with diabetes prevalence across diverse racial/ethnic groups. We examined associations between OPA, TPA, and LTPA and diabetes prevalence and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) self-reported domain-specific PA. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported doctor/health professional-diagnosis of diabetes or a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) measurement of ‡6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Multivariable log binomial models examined differences in diabetes prevalence by PA level in each domain and total PA among Latinos (n = 3,931), non-Latino whites (n = 6,079), and non-Latino blacks (n = 3,659). RESULTS Whites reported the highest prevalence of achieving PA guidelines (64.9%), followed by Latinos (61.6%) and non-Latino blacks (60.9%; P < 0.0009). Participants achieving PA guidelines were 19-32% less likely to have diabetes depending on PA domain in adjusted models. Diabetes prevalence was consistently higher among non-Latino blacks (17.1%) and Latinos (14.1%) compared with non-Latino whites (10.7%; P < 0.0001), but interaction results showed the protective effect of PA was similar across PA domain and race/ethnicitydexcept within TPA, where the protective effect was 4% greater among non-Latino whites compared with Latinos (adjusted difference in risk differences 0.04, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PA policies and programs, beyond LTPA, can be leveraged to reduce diabetes prevalence among all population groups. Future studies are needed to confirm potentially differential effects of transportation-based active living on diabetes prevalence across race/ethnicity.

Inadequate Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Are Independent Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Individuals reported details of vigorous and/or moderate intensity of PA regarding occupation‐related PA and leisure‐time‐related PA. Minutes of vigorous PA were doubled and added to minutes of moderate PA for occupation‐related PA and leisure time–related PA, as validated. ( 22 ) The total amount of PA was defined as the sum of the leisure‐time PA, occupation‐related PA, and transportation‐related PA. PA was categorized according to the 2018 PA Guidelines (adults who engage in ≥150 minutes per week of moderate‐intensity PA, 75 minutes per week of vigorous‐intensity PA, or an equivalent combination). ( 19 ) We categorized PA as “physically inactive” (“not meeting PA Guidelines ”) when individuals did not meet the criteria outlined in the 2018 PA Guidelines and as “physically active” (“meeting PA Guidelines ”) when individuals met the criteria in the 2018 PA Guidelines .…”

Number of teeth and masticatory function are associated with sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus status among community-dwelling older adults: A Shimane CoHRE study

“…This included self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus and information regarding the use of hypoglycemic agents. For the present analysis, diabetes mellitus status was defined as an HbA1c value ≥6.5% (NGSP) or self-reported diabetes mellitus [ 23 ].…”

Physical Activity Dimensions and Its Association with Risk of Diabetes in Middle and Older Aged Chinese People

“…Inconsistent with our results, a cohort study [31] controlling the dose of physical activity suggests that VPA alone or VPA combined with MPA yield stronger health profits in terms of diabetes risk reduction compared with MPA alone. Instead of total physical activity, the cohort study includes only the effects of leisure-time exercise on diabetes risk, which may attributes to the differential effects of VPA and MPA [13]. However, engaging in vigorous physical activity up to 300 min a week attained profits in the present study, which shows higher threshold for physical activity profits compared with recommendations.…”

“…A considerable amount of research has consistently manifested that higher levels of LTPA showed apparent protective effects on the risk of diabetes compared with inactive individuals [11], and extended LTPA reduced diabetes risk furthermore [12]. In contrast, the association between physical activity with other domains and diabetes risk remains unclear [13]. The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that older individuals perform at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity or 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week in account of any domain.…”