Diabetes prevalence and its risk factors in rural area of Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Objective:To estimate the usefulness of the Indian diabetes risk score for detecting undiagnosed diabetes in the rural area of Tamil Nadu.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted in the field practice area of rural health centers (Chunampett and Annechikuppam, Tamil Nadu), covering a population of 35000 from February to March 2008 by using a predesigned and pretested protocol to find out the prevalence and the risk of diabetes mellitus in general population by using Indian diabetes risk score.Results:1936 respondents comprising 1167 (60.27%) females and 769 (39.73%) males were studied. Majority 1203 (62.50%) were Hindus. 1220 (63.%) had studied up to higher secondary. 1200 (62%) belonged to lower and lower-middle socio-economic class. A large number of the subjects 948 (50%) were below 35 years of age. Most of the respondents 1411 (73%) indulged in mild to moderate physical activity. 1715 (87.91%) had no family history of diabetes mellitus. 750 (39.64%) individuals were in the overweight category (>25 BMI). Out of these overweight persons, 64% had high diabetic risk score. It is observed that chances of high diabetic score increase with the increase in BMI. Prevalence of diabetes in studied population was 5.99%; out of these, 56% known cases of diabetes mellitus had high (>60) IDRS. Co-relation between BMI and IDRS shows that, if BMI increases from less than 18.50 to more than 30, chances of high risk for developing diabetes mellitus also significantly increase.Conclusions:This study estimates the usefulness of simplified Indian diabetes risk score for identifying undiagnosed high risk diabetic subjects in India. This simplified diabetes risk score has categorized the risk factors based on their severity. Use of the IDRS can make mass screening for undiagnosed diabetes in India more cost effective.

Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among voluntary blood donors in a tertiary health care setting

“…They also got a prevalence of 5.99% diabetes in their studied population where 56% cases of diabetes had high score. 7 In the present study 89 (42.38%) had family history of diabetes, in which 33 (37.08%) were diagnosed to be prediabetics and 11 (12.36%) were diabetics, and 121 (57.62%) did not have family history of diagnosed diabetics, among them 10 (8.26%) were diagnosed to be in prediabetic stage and 3 (2.48%) were diagnosed to be diabetics. A study conducted by Ramachandran et al on high prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in South India showed that 47% of the people who had diabetes had a positive family history, and the other study done by Gupta SK et al also showed that 31.50% had positive family history in diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in urban population.…”

“…In 616 respondents about 51 (8.27%) were diabetics. 7 Based on recommendations by American Association of Diabetes, a diagnosis of DM requires the presence of a fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥126 mg/dL, or a 2 hour plasma glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). But later an international committee members selected by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the Alliance for European Diabetes Research (EURADIA) suggested that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) could be used as an alternative for making a diagnosis.…”

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes using Indian diabetes risk score and its risk factors in a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India

“…7,8 Further use of such a risk score would be of great help in developing countries like India where there is a marked explosion of diabetes and over half of them remain undiagnosed. 9 About 26% of population had high risk score (>60) for diabetes in the present study. In a similar study conducted at Chennai by Mohan et al 10 43% of the population were found in high risk category and another study done in urban area of Pondicherry by Gupta et al 9 had 31.2% high risk subjects.…”

“…9 About 26% of population had high risk score (>60) for diabetes in the present study. In a similar study conducted at Chennai by Mohan et al 10 43% of the population were found in high risk category and another study done in urban area of Pondicherry by Gupta et al 9 had 31.2% high risk subjects. This risk difference may be due to variance in lifestyles of the population as our study was done in a rural area, whereas Mohan et al conducted the study in a metropolitan city and another study was in the urban area of Pondicherry.…”

“…8 The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was found to be 6.34% (62 subjects) in the present study which is similar to 5.99% and among these 62 subjects, 36 (58.07%) had high risk score (>60) which is also similar to 56% found by Gupta, et al in their study. 9 Though 253 (25.98%) subjects were found to be in the high risk category (score>60), further confirmation with GTT is required among subjects with IDRS>60 to early detect the occurrence of diabetes. This will help in detecting previously unknown cases of diabetes mellitus.…”