2011
DOI: 10.20453/rmh.v21i3.1126
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Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y resistencia a la insulina

Abstract: Se analizó la literatura de los últimos 15 años para poder objetivar los temas que son materia de esta comunicación. En primer lugar se analiza en qué consiste el llamado Síndrome Metabólico, sus características; a continuación se resume la historia natural de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II y su patogenia. Se revisa la importancia de la resistencia a la insulina en el músculo estriado principal órgano de combustión de la glucosa y el factor mitocondrial de la resistencia a la insulina. Se analiza además l… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…(3) increasing IR either after a sustained overstimulation of the insulin pathway, presumably by pathogens in its need to take up glucose, 34 or after any chronic inflammation, 2 with the possible objective of decreasing intracellular glucose levels, so the infectious microorganisms will not have energy resources for its replication 2,34 ; (4) producing ROS that help our defense cells to kill pathogenic microorganisms 4,5,14 ; and (5) and to increase energy storage (as adipose tissue) for the individual to be prepared for the, more than likely, periods of starvation, 2 probably in the same way that low birth weight newborns develop higher IGF-1 levels in adolescence to compensate and catch up with growth; however, the subsequent IGF-1 axis long-term programming leads to T2DM and hypertension. 53 If the fats stored are not used because of a sustained hypercaloric diet, the subsequent obesity might cause IR, 21,24,35,36,44 MD, 29,40 inflammation, 21,24,35,36,44 and OS 40,41,44 ; that are related to cell aging and to most NCDs. One possible reason for the generation of metaflammation by adipose tissue could be that if the body has enough resources to prevent starvation to be an urgent hazard, it can afford to dedicate some resources to be prepared for the high risk of infections.…”
Section: Ncds?mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…(3) increasing IR either after a sustained overstimulation of the insulin pathway, presumably by pathogens in its need to take up glucose, 34 or after any chronic inflammation, 2 with the possible objective of decreasing intracellular glucose levels, so the infectious microorganisms will not have energy resources for its replication 2,34 ; (4) producing ROS that help our defense cells to kill pathogenic microorganisms 4,5,14 ; and (5) and to increase energy storage (as adipose tissue) for the individual to be prepared for the, more than likely, periods of starvation, 2 probably in the same way that low birth weight newborns develop higher IGF-1 levels in adolescence to compensate and catch up with growth; however, the subsequent IGF-1 axis long-term programming leads to T2DM and hypertension. 53 If the fats stored are not used because of a sustained hypercaloric diet, the subsequent obesity might cause IR, 21,24,35,36,44 MD, 29,40 inflammation, 21,24,35,36,44 and OS 40,41,44 ; that are related to cell aging and to most NCDs. One possible reason for the generation of metaflammation by adipose tissue could be that if the body has enough resources to prevent starvation to be an urgent hazard, it can afford to dedicate some resources to be prepared for the high risk of infections.…”
Section: Ncds?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, T2DM is three times more frequently transmitted by the mother (the parent that transmits her mitochondria to the off springs) than by the father 51 and in centenarians longevity appears to be transmitted from the maternal branch of the family. 52 It is important to highlight that MD is considered a major mechanism for insulin resistance (IR) 44,50 altogether with inflammation 24,34,36,44,50 and ROS. 41,50 The subsequent IR, and the following increased levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) are associated with numerous NCDs (T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, among others) 53 ; thus, they could be considered relevant mediators of the former physiological pathways.…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…La resistencia a la insulina (IR) es la respuesta insuficiente de los tejidos periféricos (adiposo, muscular y hepático) a la acción biológica de la insulina, lo cual provoca una hiperinsulinemia como mecanismo compensatorio para mantener en la normalidad los niveles de glucemia 1,2 . Su importancia radica en que está asociada a muchas enfermedades [3][4][5][6][7][8] y los procedimientos estándar para determinar la IR son difíciles de aplicar y emplear en la práctica clínica, por lo tanto, se proponen otras medidas, como el homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) 9,10 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Es muy común escuchar hablar de enfermedades tales como diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), obesidad, enfermedades cardiovasculares y síndrome metabólico, ya que son consideradas como problemas de salud pública por su alta prevalencia en el mundo 11,13 . Además, estas alteraciones se vinculan fisiopatológicamente con IR/hiperinsulinemia 2,3,14 . Los receptores de insulina no son los que fallan, sino la secuencia intracelular de la porción β del receptor de la insulina, donde la fosforilación del sustrato específico del receptor de la insulina 15 que deja de actuar, conllevando la IR, lo que les confiere ser predictores muy confiables para el desarrollo de DMT2 5,6,14,16 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified