Diabetes mellitus in cats

Rand, Jacquie; Marshall, R.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.10.001

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…glucose toxicity), and in time leads to beta cell loss via apoptosis (Robertson & Harmon 2006;Zini et al 2009). The NEP is based on the theory that maintenance of euglycemia will reverse glucose toxicity, leading to preservation of beta cell function and achievement of diabetic remission (Martin & Rand 2000;Rand & Marshall 2005). This theory is supported by the high remission rate (78%) in cats managed with NEP compared to TP (14%) in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The factors that are believed to contribute to insulin resistance include genotype, obesity, inactivity, and/or high-carbohydrate diet (Rand & Marshall 2005;Slingerland et al 2009). Insulin resistance has been defined as a condition in which a normal amount of secreted insulin produces a subnormal glucose uptake into the peripheral tissues (Sessions et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely accepted that the successful management of an 'otherwise healthy' diabetic cat centers on attaining and maintaining good glycemic control (Rucinsky et al 2010). Achieving a good glycemic control in cats with type 2 DM is particularly important in order to reverse glucose toxicity to the extent that exogenous insulin is no longer needed to maintain euglycemia (remission) (Rand & Marshall 2005). The management aspects needed to maximize the remission rates in newly diagnosed cats with DM have not yet been clearly established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, use of a near-euglycemic management paradigm improves remission rate over a traditional paradigm

DeClue

2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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The object of this retrospective study was to compare the effect on remission rates of a near euglycemic paradigm (NEP) to a traditional paradigm (TP) of glycemic control in cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Medical records of 54 cats with na€ ıve diabetes mellitus managed with low carbohydrate, high protein prescription diets, and twice daily subcutaneous glargine insulin injections were reviewed. Cats were assigned to an NEP or TP group based on frequency of evaluation of blood glucose concentration and the criteria used to assess glycemic control. The two groups were compared with regard to the incidence of clinical and biochemical hypoglycemia and remission rates. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between remission and independent variables. Fourteen of 18 cats (78%) in the NEP group achieved remission, whereas five of the 36 (14%) of the TP group achieved remission (p < 0.001). For the NEP group, biochemical hypoglycemia was noted in 8/18 (44%) and clinical hypoglycemia was documented in 2/18 (11%) of the cats. In the TP group, biochemical hypoglycemia was noted in 12/36 (33%) cats and 5/36 (14%) had clinical hypoglycemia. In conclusion, management of newly diagnosed diabetic cats using an NEP of glycemic control results in higher remission rates without an increased incidence of observed clinical or biochemical hypoglycemia. Although an NEP appears to have benefit it should be evaluated further with regard to its overall and long term effects on health and quality of life as well as its overall cost effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, use of a near-euglycemic management paradigm improves remission rate over a traditional paradigm

DeClue

2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…78 -The availability of new insulins such as long acting insulin glargine, which can help achieve ideal mean blood glucose concentrations. 70 -Portable blood glucose monitors, which can allow clients to perform blood glucose curves at home. Choose a monitor shown to be accurate with cats, since accuracy varies greatly.…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Association of Feline Practitioners: Senior Care Guidelines

Pittari¹,

Rodan²,

Beekman³

et al. 2009

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Background Cats are the most popular pet in the United States and much of Northern Europe. Although 78% of owners consider their cats to be family members, many cats, particularly seniors, do not receive appropriate preventive care. 1 – 3 One of the main obstacles to owner compliance is the lack of a clear recommendation by the veterinary team. 4 Guidelines can help veterinarians to minimize this obstacle, strengthen the human-pet-veterinary bond, and improve the quality of life of cats. Goals The goals of this article are to assist veterinarians to: Deliver consistent high-quality care to senior cats. Promote longevity and improve the quality of life of senior cats by: recognizing and controlling health risk factors; facilitating and promoting early detection of disease; improving or maintaining residual organ function; and delaying the progression of common conditions. Define aspects of screening, diagnosis, treatment and anesthesia of senior cats.

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“…The major type of diabetes mellitus observed in dogs and cats is insulin-dependent at the time of diagnosis (Feldman and Nelson, 2004;Rand and Marshall, 2005), and in cattle, insulinopenic diabetes is known to develop after infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (Taniyama et al, 1999). Thus, the fact cannot be excluded that these results could also be beneficial in clinical veterinary settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of insulin response in the streptozotocin model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Insulin response with and without a long-acting insulin treatment

Nordquist

Sjöquist

2009

Animal

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Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) in rats is a model of type 1 diabetes, which is commonly used to study diabetes, but differs from human diabetic pathophysiology in its insulin resistance. An STZ-DM rat can be administered five times the dose of insulin compared to that of a diabetic patient. Thus, attaining normoglycaemia in STZ-DM rats with insulin injections is complicated, and it involves an obvious risk of overdosing before getting a response. This study was designed to investigate whether suboptimal treatment with long-acting insulin restores insulin sensitivity in the STZ-DM rat, and thus an approach to more closely mimic the human condition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by means of a single intravenous injection of STZ (55 mg/kg body weight (BW)), resulting in an increase in blood glucose (BG) from 6.5 6 0.2 to 22.5 6 1.0 mmol/l ( P < 0.05) within 24 h. After treating the STZ-DM rats with vehicle for 14 days, BG was 26.1 6 1.1 mmol/l, and the response to a single injection of fast-acting insulin (Humalog, 5 IE/kg BW) was a 23% reduction in BG. Thereafter, the rats were treated daily with a suboptimal dose of long-acting insulin for a total of 7 days (Insulatard, 5 IE/kg per day), which resulted in a BG level of 19.4 6 2.7. The response to fast-acting insulin after the suboptimal treatment was a 61% reduction in BG. Thereafter, the animals were vehicle-treated for another 7 days, which resulted in a response to fast-acting insulin similar to the initial values (234%). Furthermore, the group treated with suboptimal doses of long-acting insulin had a longer duration of the reduction in BG (150 min, as opposed to 90 min in the vehicle-treated groups). We conclude that the development of a decreased insulin response occurs rapidly within the first 2 weeks after the onset of diabetes in STZ-DM rats. This leads to a brief and significantly reduced decrease in BG when fast-acting insulin is administered. The insulin response is increased by treatment with suboptimal doses of long-acting insulin, but rapidly decreases again when treatment is withdrawn. Regular administration of suboptimal insulin doses may provide an approach to eliminate the effects of a lowered insulin response.

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Diabetes mellitus in cats

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

In cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, use of a near-euglycemic management paradigm improves remission rate over a traditional paradigm

In cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, use of a near-euglycemic management paradigm improves remission rate over a traditional paradigm

American Association of Feline Practitioners: Senior Care Guidelines

Improvement of insulin response in the streptozotocin model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Insulin response with and without a long-acting insulin treatment

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